File: coreutils.info,  Node: Changing Special Mode Bits,  Next: Conditional Executability,  Prev: Copying Permissions,  Up: Symbolic Modes

27.2.3 Changing Special Mode Bits
---------------------------------

In addition to changing a file’s read, write, and execute/search
permissions, you can change its special mode bits.  *Note Mode
Structure::, for a summary of these special mode bits.

   To change the file mode bits to set the user ID on execution, use ‘u’
in the USERS part of the symbolic mode and ‘s’ in the PERMISSIONS part.

   To change the file mode bits to set the group ID on execution, use
‘g’ in the USERS part of the symbolic mode and ‘s’ in the PERMISSIONS
part.

   To set both user and group ID on execution, omit the USERS part of
the symbolic mode (or use ‘a’) and use ‘s’ in the PERMISSIONS part.

   To change the file mode bits to set the restricted deletion flag or
sticky bit, omit the USERS part of the symbolic mode (or use ‘a’) and
use ‘t’ in the PERMISSIONS part.

   For example, to set the set-user-ID mode bit of a program, you can
use the mode:

     u+s

   To remove both set-user-ID and set-group-ID mode bits from it, you
can use the mode:

     a-s

   To set the restricted deletion flag or sticky bit, you can use the
mode:

     +t

   The combination ‘o+s’ has no effect.  On GNU systems the combinations
‘u+t’ and ‘g+t’ have no effect, and ‘o+t’ acts like plain ‘+t’.

   The ‘=’ operator is not very useful with special mode bits.  For
example, the mode:

     o=t

does set the restricted deletion flag or sticky bit, but it also removes
all read, write, and execute/search permissions that users not in the
file’s group might have had for it.

   *Note Directory Setuid and Setgid::, for additional rules concerning
set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits and directories.