File: gawk.info,  Node: Output Summary,  Next: Output Exercises,  Prev: Nonfatal,  Up: Printing

5.11 Summary
============

   * The 'print' statement prints comma-separated expressions.  Each
     expression is separated by the value of 'OFS' and terminated by the
     value of 'ORS'.  'OFMT' provides the conversion format for numeric
     values for the 'print' statement.

   * The 'printf' statement provides finer-grained control over output,
     with format-control letters for different data types and various
     flags that modify the behavior of the format-control letters.

   * Output from both 'print' and 'printf' may be redirected to files,
     pipes, and coprocesses.

   * 'gawk' provides special file names for access to standard input,
     output, and error, and for network communications.

   * Use 'close()' to close open file, pipe, and coprocess redirections.
     For coprocesses, it is possible to close only one direction of the
     communications.

   * Normally errors with 'print' or 'printf' are fatal.  'gawk' lets
     you make output errors be nonfatal either for all files or on a
     per-file basis.  You must then check for errors after every
     relevant output statement.