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snmpcmd(1)                         Net-SNMP                         snmpcmd(1)




NAME

       snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-
       line tools


SYNOPSIS

       snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]


DESCRIPTION

       This manual page describes the common options for  the  SNMP  commands:
       snmpbulkget,  snmpbulkwalk,  snmpdelta,  snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpnet-
       stat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable, snmptest, snmptrap,  snmpdf, snm-
       pusm  , snmpwalk .  The command line applications use the SNMP protocol
       to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent.  Individ-
       ual applications typically (but not necessarily) take additional param-
       eters that are given after the agent specification.   These  parameters
       are documented in the manual pages for each application.


COMMAND-LINE CONFIG OPTIONS

       In  addition  to  the options described in this manual page, all of the
       tokens described in the snmp.conf and other .conf manual pages  can  be
       used  on the command line of Net-SNMP applications as well by prefixing
       them with "--".  EG, specifying --dontLoadHostConfig=true on  the  com-
       mand  line  will  turn  of  loading  of the host specific configuration
       files.

       The snmp.conf file settings and the double-dash arguments over-ride the
       single-dash  arguments.   So it's important to note that if single-dash
       arguments aren't working because you have  settings  in  the  snmp.conf
       file  that  conflict  with them then you'll need to use the longer-form
       double-dash arguments to successfully trump  the  snmp.conf  file  set-
       tings.


Generic Options

       These  options  control  how the Net-SNMP commands behave regardless of
       what version of SNMP you are using.  See further below for options that
       control specific versions or sub-modules of the SNMP protocol.

       -d     Dump (in hexadecimal) the raw SNMP packets sent and received.

       -D[TOKEN[,...]]
              Turn  on  debugging  output for the given TOKEN(s).  Try ALL for
              extremely verbose output.


       -h, --help
              Display a brief usage message and then exit.

       -H     Display a list of configuration  file  directives  under-
              stood by the command and then exit.

       -I [brRhu]
              Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.

       -L [eEfFoOsS]
              Specifies output logging  options.  See  LOGGING  OPTIONS
              below.

       -m MIBLIST
              Specifies  a  colon  separated  list  of MIB modules (not
              files) to load for this application.  This overrides  (or
              augments)  the  environment  variable MIBS, the snmp.conf
              directive mibs, and the list of MIBs hardcoded  into  the
              Net-SNMP library.

              If  MIBLIST  has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the
              MIB modules listed are loaded in addition to the  default
              list,  coming  before  or  after  this list respectively.
              Otherwise, the specified MIBs are loaded instead of  this
              default list.

              The  special  keyword ALL is used to load all MIB modules
              in the MIB directory search list.  Every file whose  name
              does  not  begin  with "." will be parsed as if it were a
              MIB file.

       -M DIRLIST
              Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search
              for  MIBs.   This overrides (or augments) the environment
              variable MIBDIRS, the snmp.conf  directive  mibdirs,  and
              the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library
              (/opt/local/share/snmp/mibs).

              If DIRLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character,  then  the
              given  directories  are  added to the default list, being
              searched before or after the  directories  on  this  list
              respectively.   Otherwise,  the specified directories are
              searched instead of this default list.

              Note that the directories appearing  later  in  the  list
              have have precedence over earlier ones.  To avoid search-
              ing any MIB  directories,  set  the  MIBDIRS  environment
              variable to the empty string ("").

              Note  that MIBs specified using the -m option or the mibs
              configuration directive will be loaded from  one  of  the
              directories  listed  by  the  -M option (or equivalents).
              The mibfile directive takes a full path to the  specified
              MIB  file,  so this does not need to be in the MIB direc-
              tory search list.

       -v 1 | 2c | 3
              Specifies  the  protocol  version   to   use:   1   (RFCs
              1155-1157),  2c  (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3 (RFCs 2571-2574).
              The  default  is  typically  version  3.   Overrides  the
              defVersion token in the snmp.conf file.  -O [abeEfnqQsSt-
              TuUvxX] Specifies output  printing  options.  See  OUTPUT
              OPTIONS below.

       -P [cdeRuwW]
              Specifies  MIB  parsing options.  See MIB PARSING OPTIONS
              below.

       -r retries
              Specifies the  number  of  retries  to  be  used  in  the
              requests. The default is 5.

       -t timeout
              Specifies  the  timeout  in  seconds between retries. The
              default is 1.  Floating point  numbers  can  be  used  to
              specify fractions of seconds.

       -V, --version
              Display  version information for the application and then
              exit.

       -Yname="value"

       --name="value"
              Allows one to specify any token ("name") supported in the
              snmp.conf  file  and sets its value to "value". Overrides
              the  corresponding  token  in  the  snmp.conf  file.  See
              snmp.conf(5) for the full list of tokens.




SNMPv3 Options

       The  following  options  are  generic  to  all  forms of SNMPv3,
       regardless of whether it's the original SNMPv3 with USM  or  the
       newer SNMPv3 over (D)TLS support.


       -l secLevel
              Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNo-
              Priv|authNoPriv|authPriv).   Appropriate  pass  phrase(s)
              must  provided when using any level higher than noAuthNo-
              Priv.   Overrides  the  defSecurityLevel  token  in   the
              snmp.conf file.

       -n contextName
              Set  the  contextName  used  for  SNMPv3  messages.   The
              default contextName is the empty  string  "".   Overrides
              the defContext token in the snmp.conf file.



SNMPv3 over TLS Options

       These  options  pass  transport-specific  parameters  to the TLS
       layer.  If you're using SNMP over TLS or  DTLS  you'll  need  to
       pass  a  combination  of these either through these command line
       options or through snmp.conf configuration tokens.

       A note about <certificate-specifier>s : Net-SNMP looks for X.509
       certificates  in each of the normal SNMP configuration directory
       search paths under a "tls" subdirectory.  IE, it  will  look  in
       ~/.snmp/tls  and  in /usr/local/share/snmp/tls for certificates.
       The certificate components (eg, the public and  private  halves)
       are stored in sub-directories underneath this root set of direc-
       tories.  See the net-snmp-cert tool for help in importing,  cre-
       ating  and  managing Net-SNMP certificates.  <certificate-speci-
       fier>s can reference either a fingerprint of the certificate  to
       use (the net-snmp-cert tool can help you figure out the certifi-
       cates) or the filename's prefix can be used.   For  example,  if
       you  had  a  "snmpd.crt"  certificate file then you could simply
       refer to the certificate via the "snmpd" specifier.

       -T localCert=<certificate-specifier>
              Indicates to the transport which key should  be  used  to
              initiate (D)TLS client connections.  This would typically
              be a certificate found using the certificate fingerprint,
              the  application name (eg snmpd, snmptrapd, perl, python)
              or genericized name "snmpapp" if using one of the generic
              applications  (snmpget, snmpwalk, etc).  This can also be
              set using the localCert specifier in a snmp.conf configu-
              ration file.

       -T peerCert=<certificate-specifier>
              If you expect a particular certificate to be presented by
              the other side then you can use this specifier  to  indi-
              cate  the  certificate it should present.  If it fails to
              present the expected certificate the client  will  refuse
              to  open  the  connection  (because doing otherwise could
              lead to man-in-the-middle attacks).  This can also be set
              using the peerCert specifier in a snmp.conf configuration
              file.

       -T trust_cert=<certificate-specifier>
              If you have a trusted CA certificate you wish  to  anchor
              trust  with,  you  can use this flag to load a given cer-
              tificate as a trust anchor.  A copy  of  the  certificate
              must exist within the Net-SNMP certificate storage system
              or this must point to a complete path name.  Also see the
              "trustCert" snmp.conf configuration token.

       -T their_hostname=<name>
              If  the  server's presented certificate can be validating
              using a trust anchor then their hostname will be  checked
              to  ensure  their  presented hostname matches one that is
              expected (you don't want  to  connect  to  goodhost.exam-
              ple.com  and  accept  a  certificate  presented  by  bad-
              host.example.com do you?).  This token  can  specify  the
              exact  host  name  expected to be presented by the remote
              side, either in a subjectAltName field or in the  Common-
              Name field of the server's X.509 certificate.


SNMPv3 with USM Options

       These  options  are  specific  to using SNMPv3 with the original
       User-based Security Model (USM).

       -3[MmKk]  0xHEXKEY
              Sets the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions.   These
              options  allow  you  to set the master authentication and
              encryption keys (-3m and -3M  respectively)  or  set  the
              localized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K
              respectively).  SNMPv3 keys can be either  passed  in  by
              hand  using  these flags, or by the use of keys generated
              from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below.
              For  further  details  on  SNMPv3 and its usage of keying
              information,  see  the  Net-SNMP  tutorial  web  site   (
              http://www.Net-SNMP.org/tutorial-5/commands/   ).   Over-
              rides the defAuthMasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M),
              defAuthLocalizedKey  (-3k)  or  defPrivLocalizedKey (-3K)
              tokens,  respectively,  in  the   snmp.conf   file,   see
              snmp.conf(5).

       -a authProtocol
              Set  the  authentication  protocol  (MD5 or SHA) used for
              authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the  defAuthType
              token in the snmp.conf file.

       -A authPassword
              Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated
              SNMPv3 messages.  Overrides the  defAuthPassphrase  token
              in  the  snmp.conf  file.  It is insecure to specify pass
              phrases on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).

       -e engineID
              Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3
              REQUEST  messages, given as a hexadecimal string (option-
              ally prefixed by "0x").  It is typically not necessary to
              specify  this engine ID, as it will usually be discovered
              automatically.

       -E engineID
              Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages
              scopedPdu,  given as a hexadecimal string.  If not speci-
              fied, this will default to the authoritative engineID.

       -u secName
              Set the securityName used for authenticated  SNMPv3  mes-
              sages.    Overrides  the  defSecurityName  token  in  the
              snmp.conf file.

       -x privProtocol
              Set the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for  encrypted
              SNMPv3  messages.  Overrides the defPrivType token in the
              snmp.conf file. This option is only valid if the Net-SNMP
              software was build to use OpenSSL.

       -X privPassword
              Set  the  privacy  pass  phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3
              messages.  Overrides the defPrivPassphrase token  in  the
              snmp.conf  file.   It is insecure to specify pass phrases
              on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).

       -Z boots,time
              Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated
              SNMPv3  messages.   This will initialize the local notion
              of the agents  boots/time  with  an  authenticated  value
              stored  in  the  LCD.   It  is typically not necessary to
              specify this option, as these values will usually be dis-
              covered automatically.




SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Options

       -c community
              Set  the  community  string  for SNMPv1/v2c transactions.
              Overrides the defCommunity token in the snmp.conf file.



AGENT SPECIFICATION

       The string AGENT in the SYNOPSIS above specifies the remote SNMP
       entity  with which to communicate.  This specification takes the
       form:

              [<transport-specifier>:]<transport-address>

       At its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a  host-
       name, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad" notation.
       In this case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4  to
       port  161 of the given host.  Otherwise, the <transport-address>
       part of the specification is parsed according to  the  following
       table:

           <transport-specifier>       <transport-address> format

           udp                         hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv4-address[:port]

           tcp                         hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv4-address[:port]

           unix                        pathname

           ipx                         [network]:node[/port]

           aal5pvc or pvc              [interface.][VPI.]VCI

           udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6    hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv6-address:port or
                                        '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

           tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6    hostname[:port]               or
                                       IPv6-address:port or
                                        '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

       Note  that <transport-specifier> strings are case-insensitive so
       that, for example, "tcp" and "TCP"  are  equivalent.   Here  are
       some examples, along with their interpretation:

       hostname:161            perform  query  using UDP/IPv4 datagrams
                               to hostname on port 161.  The ":161"  is
                               redundant here since that is the default
                               SNMP port in any case.

       udp:hostname            identical to the previous specification.
                               The   "udp:"  is  redundant  here  since
                               UDP/IPv4 is the default transport.

       TCP:hostname:1161       connect to hostname on port  1161  using
                               TCP/IPv4  and  perform  query  over that
                               connection.  udp6:hostname:10161 perform
                               the  query  using  UDP/IPv6 datagrams to
                               port 10161 on hostname  (which  will  be
                               looked up as an AAAA record).

       UDP6:[fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0]
                               perform  the  query using UDP/IPv6 data-
                               grams   to   port   161    at    address
                               fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.

       tcpipv6:[::1]:1611      connect  to  port 1611 on the local host
                               (::1 in IPv6  parlance)  using  TCP/IPv6
                               and  perform query over that connection.

       tls:hostname:10161

       dtls:hostname:10161     Connects using SNMP over DTLS or TLS  as
                               documented  by  the  ISMS  working group
                               (RFCs  not  yet  published  as  of  this
                               date).  This will require (and automati-
                               cally ensures)  that  the  TSM  security
                               model  is  in  use.  You'll also need to
                               set up trust paths for the  certificates
                               presented  by  the server (see above for
                               descriptions of this).

       ssh:hostname:22         Connects using SNMP over  SSH  as  docu-
                               mented  by  the ISMS working group (RFCs
                               not yet  published  as  of  this  date).
                               This  will require that the TSM security
                               model   is   in   use    (--defSecurity-
                               Model=tsm).

       ipx::00D0B7AAE308       perform  query  using  IPX  datagrams to
                               node number 00D0B7AAE308 on the  default
                               network,  and using the default IPX port
                               of 36879  (900F  hexadecimal),  as  sug-
                               gested in RFC 1906.

       ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161
                               perform  query  using  IPX  datagrams to
                               port 1161 on node number 00D0B721C6C0 on
                               network number 0AE43409.

       unix:/tmp/local-agent   connect   to   the  Unix  domain  socket
                               /tmp/local-agent, and perform the  query
                               over that connection.

       /tmp/local-agent        identical to the previous specification,
                               since the Unix  domain  is  the  default
                               transport iff the first character of the
                               <transport-address> is a '/'.

       alias:myname            perform a connection to the myname alias
                               which   needs   to  be  defined  in  the
                               snmp.conf file using a line like " alias
                               myname  udp:127.0.0.1:9161  ".  Any type
                               of transport definition can be  used  as
                               the  alias expansion parameter.  Aliases
                               are  particularly   useful   for   using
                               repeated complex transport strings.

       AAL5PVC:100             perform  the  query using AAL5 PDUs sent
                               on the permanent  virtual  circuit  with
                               VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the first
                               ATM adapter in the machine.

       PVC:1.10.32             perform the query using AAL5  PDUs  sent
                               on  the  permanent  virtual circuit with
                               VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal) on
                               the  second  ATM adapter in the machine.
                               Note  that  "PVC"  is  a   synonym   for
                               "AAL5PVC".

       Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always
       be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will  not
       be  able  to use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so
       will result in the error "Unknown host".  Likewise,  since  AAL5
       PVC  support  is only currently available on Linux, it will fail
       with the same error on other platforms.


MIB PARSING OPTIONS

       The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of  Man-
       agement  Information  (SMI).   As that specification has changed
       through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in com-
       pliance  expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more
       flexibility in reading MIB files.

       -Pc    Toggles whether ASN.1 comments should extend to  the  end
              of  the  MIB  source  line.   Strictly speaking, a second
              appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but this
              breaks  some MIB files.  The default behaviour (to inter-
              pret comments correctly) can also be set with the config-
              uration token commentToEOL.

       -Pd    Disables  the  loading  of  MIB  object DESCRIPTIONs when
              parsing MIB files.  This reduces  the  amount  of  memory
              used by the running application.

       -Pe    Toggles  whether  to show errors encountered when parsing
              MIB files.  These include references to IMPORTed  modules
              and  MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB direc-
              tory search list.  The default behaviour can also be  set
              with the configuration token showMibErrors.

       -PR    If  the  same MIB object (parent name and sub-identifier)
              appears multiple times in the  list  of  MIB  definitions
              loaded,  use the last version to be read in.  By default,
              the first version will be used, and any  duplicates  dis-
              carded.  This behaviour can also be set with the configu-
              ration token mibReplaceWithLatest.

              Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are  two
              MIB  files  with  conflicting  object definitions for the
              same OID (or different revisions of the  same  basic  MIB
              object).

       -Pu    Toggles  whether  to allow the underline character in MIB
              object names and other symbols.  Strictly speaking,  this
              is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files define
              such names.  The default behaviour can also be  set  with
              the configuration token mibAllowUnderline.

       -Pw    Show  various  warning  messages in parsing MIB files and
              building the overall OID tree.  This can also be set with
              the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 1

       -PW    Show some additional warning messages, mostly relating to
              parsing individual MIB objects.  This  can  also  be  set
              with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 2



OUTPUT OPTIONS

       The  format  of  the output from SNMP commands can be controlled
       using various parameters of the -O flag.  The effects  of  these
       sub-options can be seen by comparison with the following default
       output (unless otherwise specified):
              $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0
              SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63


       -Oa    Display string values as ASCII strings (unless there is a
              DISPLAY-HINT  defined  for the corresponding MIB object).
              By default, the library attempts to determine whether the
              value  is  a  printable or binary string, and displays it
              accordingly.

              This option does not affect objects that do have  a  Dis-
              play Hint.

       -Ob    Display  table indexes numerically, rather than trying to
              interpret the instance subidentifiers as  string  or  OID
              values:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -Ob localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 = xxx

       -Oe    Removes the symbolic labels from enumeration values:
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0
                  IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
                  IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1

       -OE    Modifies index strings to escape the quote characters:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost vacmSecurityModel
                  SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.\"wes\" = xxx

              This allows the output to be reused in shell commands.

       -Of    Include  the  full list of MIB objects when displaying an
              OID:
                  .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 =
                             Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

       -On    Displays the OID numerically:
                  .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0  =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1 day,
              15:09:27.63

       -Oq    Removes the equal sign and type information when display-
              ing varbind values:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63

       -OQ    Removes the type information when displaying varbind val-
              ues:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63

       -Os    Display the MIB object name (plus any instance  or  other
              subidentifiers):
                  sysUpTime.0    =   Timeticks:   (14096763)   1   day,
              15:09:27.63

       -OS    Display the name of the MIB, as well as the object name:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0  =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1
              day, 15:09:27.63

              This is the default OID output format.

       -Ot    Display TimeTicks values as raw numbers:
                  SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 14096763

       -OT    If values are printed as Hex strings, display a printable
              version as well.

       -Ou    Display the OID in the traditional  UCD-style  (inherited
              from  the  original  CMU  code).   That  means removing a
              series of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and  display-
              ing  the  remaining  list  of  MIB object names (plus any
              other subidentifiers):
                  system.sysUpTime.0 =  Timeticks:  (14096763)  1  day,
              15:09:27.63

       -OU    Do not print the UNITS suffix at the end of the value.

       -Ov    Display the varbind value only, not the OID:
                  $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Ov localhost ipForwarding.0
                  INTEGER: forwarding(1)

       -Ox    Display  string  values as Hex strings (unless there is a
              DISPLAY-HINT defined for the corresponding  MIB  object).
              By default, the library attempts to determine whether the
              value is a printable or binary string,  and  displays  it
              accordingly.

              This  option  does not affect objects that do have a Dis-
              play Hint.

       -OX    Display table indexes in a more  "program  like"  output,
              imitating a traditional array-style index format:
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable
                  IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
                  $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OX localhost ipv6RouteTable
                  IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2

       Most  of  these options can also be configured via configuration
       tokens.  See the snmp.conf(5) manual page for details.



LOGGING OPTIONS

       The mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning  and
       error  messages  can be controlled by passing various parameters
       to the -L flag.

       -Le    Log messages to the standard error stream.

       -Lf FILE
              Log messages to the specified file.

       -Lo    Log messages to the standard output stream.

       -Ls FACILITY
              Log messages via syslog,  using  the  specified  facility
              ('d'  for  LOG_DAEMON,  'u'  for LOG_USER, or '0'-'7' for
              LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7).


       There are also "upper case" versions of each of  these  options,
       which allow the corresponding logging mechanism to be restricted
       to certain priorities of message.  Using standard error  logging
       as an example:

       -LE pri
              will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard
              error.

       -LE p1-p2
              will log messages with priority  between  'p1'  and  'p2'
              (inclusive) to standard error.

       For -LF and -LS the priority specification comes before the file
       or facility token.  The priorities recognised are:

              0 or !  for LOG_EMERG,
              1 or a for LOG_ALERT,
              2 or c for LOG_CRIT,
              3 or e for LOG_ERR,
              4 or w for LOG_WARNING,
              5 or n for LOG_NOTICE,
              6 or i for LOG_INFO, and
              7 or d for LOG_DEBUG.

       Normal output is (or will be!) logged at  a  priority  level  of
       LOG_NOTICE



INPUT OPTIONS

       The  interpretation  of  input object names and the values to be
       assigned can be controlled using various parameters  of  the  -I
       flag.   The  default  behaviour  will be described at the end of
       this section.

       -Ib    specifies that the given name should  be  regarded  as  a
              regular expression, to match (case-insensitively) against
              object names in the MIB tree.  The "best" match  will  be
              used  - calculated as the one that matches the closest to
              the beginning of the node name and  the  highest  in  the
              tree.   For  example,  the  MIB  object vacmSecurityModel
              could be  matched  by  the  expression  vacmsecuritymodel
              (full  name,  but different case), or vacm.*model (regexp
              pattern).

              Note that '.' is a special character in  regular  expres-
              sion  patterns, so the expression cannot specify instance
              subidentifiers or more than one  object  name.   A  "best
              match" expression will only be applied against single MIB
              object names.  For example, the  expression  sys*ontact.0
              would  not  match  the  instance  sysContact.0  (although
              sys*ontact would match sysContact).  Similarly,  specify-
              ing   a   MIB   module   name   will   not   succeed  (so
              SNMPv2-MIB::sys.*ontact would not match either).

       -Ih    disables the use of DISPLAY-HINT information when assign-
              ing  values.   This  would then require providing the raw
              value:
                  snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
                                  x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08"
              instead of a formatted version:
                  snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
                                  = 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8

       -Ir    disables checking table  indexes  and  the  value  to  be
              assigned against the relevant MIB definitions.  This will
              (hopefully) result  in  the  remote  agent  reporting  an
              invalid  request,  rather  than  checking (and rejecting)
              this before it is sent to the remote agent.

              Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics pro-
              vided  also  tend to be more precise), but disabling this
              behaviour is particularly useful when testing the  remote
              agent.

       -IR    enables "random access" lookup of MIB names.  Rather than
              providing a full OID path to the desired MIB  object  (or
              qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module name),
              the MIB tree will be searched  for  the  matching  object
              name.  Thus .iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0
              (or SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0) can be  specified  simply  as
              sysDescr.0.

              Warning:
                     Since  MIB  object  names are not globally unique,
                     this approach may return a  different  MIB  object
                     depending on which MIB files have been loaded.

              The  MIB-MODULE::objectName  syntax  has the advantage of
              uniquely identifying a particular MIB object, as well  as
              being  slightly more efficient (and automatically loading
              the necessary MIB file if necessary).

       -Is SUFFIX
              adds the specified suffix to each textual  OID  given  on
              the  command line.  This can be used to retrieve multiple
              objects from the same row of a  table,  by  specifying  a
              common index value.

       -IS PREFIX
              adds  the  specified  prefix to each textual OID given on
              the command  line.   This  can  be  used  to  specify  an
              explicit  MIB module name for all objects being retrieved
              (or for incurably lazy typists).

       -Iu    enables the traditional UCD-style approach to  interpret-
              ing input OIDs.  This assumes that OIDs are rooted at the
              'mib-2' point in the tree  (unless  they  start  with  an
              explicit  '.' or include a MIB module name).  So the sys-
              Descr instance above would be referenced as system.sysDe-
              scr.0.


       Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted
       as "fully qualified" OIDs, listing the sequence of  MIB  objects
       from the root of the MIB tree.  Such objects and those qualified
       by an explicit MIB module name are unaffected by  the  -Ib,  -IR
       and -Iu flags.

       Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the
       default behaviour for a "relative" OID is to try  and  interpret
       it  as  an  (implicitly) fully qualified OID, then apply "random
       access" lookup (-IR), followed by "best match" pattern  matching
       (-Ib).



ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       PREFIX The  standard  prefix  for object identifiers (when using
              UCD-style  output).   Defaults   to   .iso.org.dod.inter-
              net.mgmt.mib-2

       MIBS   The    list    of    MIBs    to    load.    Defaults   to
              SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB.
              Overridden by the -m option.

       MIBDIRS
              The  list  of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to
              /opt/local/share/snmp/mibs.  Overridden by the -M option.



FILES

       /opt/local/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
              Agent configuration file. See snmpd.conf(5).

       /opt/local/etc/snmp/snmp.conf

       ~/.snmp/snmp.conf
              Application configuration files. See snmp.conf(5).



SEE ALSO

       snmpget(1),  snmpgetnext(1),  snmpset(1),  snmpbulkget(1), snmp-
       bulkwalk(1),  snmpwalk(1),  snmptable(1),  snmpnetstat(1),  snm-
       pdelta(1),   snmptrap(1),  snmpinform(1),  snmpusm(1),  snmpsta-
       tus(1), snmptest(1), snmp.conf(5).




V5.7.3                            20 Jul 2010                       snmpcmd(1)

net-snmp 5.7.3 - Generated Fri Dec 12 19:06:04 CST 2014
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