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CmdLine(3)            User Contributed Perl Documentation           CmdLine(3)




NAME

       Tk::CmdLine - Process standard X11 command line options and set initial
       resources


SYNOPSIS

         Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments([@argument]);

         my $value = Tk::CmdLine::cget([$option]);

         Tk::CmdLine::SetResources((\@resource | $resource) [, $priority]);

         Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources(
             [ -symbol   => $symbol     ]
             [ -file     => $fileSpec   ]
             [ -priority => $priority   ]
             [ -echo     => $fileHandle ] );


DESCRIPTION

       Process standard X11 command line options and set initial resources.

       The X11R5 man page for X11 says: "Most X programs attempt to use the
       same names for command line options and arguments. All applications
       written with the X Toolkit Intrinsics automatically accept the
       following options: ...".  This module processes these command line
       options for perl/Tk applications using the "SetArguments"() function.

       This module can optionally be used to load initial resources explicitly
       via function "SetResources"(), or from specified files (default: the
       standard X11 application-specific resource files) via function
       "LoadResources"().

   Command Line Options
       -background Color | -bg Color
           Specifies the color to be used for the window background.

       -class Class
           Specifies the class under which resources for the application
           should be found.  This option is useful in shell aliases to
           distinguish between invocations of an application, without
           resorting to creating links to alter the executable file name.

       -display Display | -screen Display
           Specifies the name of the X server to be used.

       -font Font | -fn Font
           Specifies the font to be used for displaying text.

       -foreground Color | -fg Color
           Specifies the color to be used for text or graphics.

       -geometry Geometry
           Specifies the initial size and location of the first MainWindow.

       -iconic
           Indicates that the user would prefer that the application's windows
           initially not be visible as if the windows had been immediately
           iconified by the user.  Window managers may choose not to honor the
           application's request.

       -motif
           Specifies that the application should adhere as closely as possible
           to Motif look-and-feel standards. For example, active elements such
           as buttons and scrollbar sliders will not change color when the
           pointer passes over them.

       -name Name
           Specifies the name under which resources for the application should
           be found.  This option is useful in shell aliases to distinguish
           between invocations of an application, without resorting to
           creating links to alter the executable file name.

       -synchronous
           Indicates that requests to the X server should be sent
           synchronously, instead of asynchronously. Since Xlib normally
           buffers requests to the server, errors do do not necessarily get
           reported immediately after they occur. This option turns off the
           buffering so that the application can be debugged. It should never
           be used with a working program.

       -title TitleString
           This option specifies the title to be used for this window. This
           information is sometimes used by a window manager to provide some
           sort of header identifying the window.

       -xrm ResourceString
           Specifies a resource pattern and value to override any defaults. It
           is also very useful for setting resources that do not have explicit
           command line arguments.

           The ResourceString is of the form <pattern>:<value>, that is (the
           first) ':' is used to determine which part is pattern and which
           part is value. The (<pattern>, <value>) pair is entered into the
           options database with optionAdd (for each MainWindow configured),
           with interactive priority.

   Initial Resources
       There are several mechanism for initializing the resource database to
       be used by an X11 application. Resources may be defined in a
       $"HOME"/.Xdefaults file, a system application defaults file (e.g.
       /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/<CLASS>), or a user application defaults file
       (e.g. $"HOME"/<CLASS>).  The Tk::CmdLine functionality for setting
       initial resources concerns itself with the latter two.

       Resource files contain data lines of the form <pattern>:<value>.  They
       may also contain blank lines and comment lines (denoted by a !
       character as the first non-blank character). Refer to option for a
       description of <pattern>:<value>.

       System Application Defaults Files
           System application defaults files may be specified via environment
           variable $"XFILESEARCHPATH" which, if set, contains a list of file
           patterns (joined using the OS-dependent path delimiter, e.g. colon
           on UNIX).

       User Application Defaults Files
           User application defaults files may be specified via environment
           variables $"XUSERFILESEARCHPATH", $"XAPPLRESDIR" or $"HOME".


METHODS

       SetArguments - Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments([@argument])
           Extract the X11 options contained in a specified array (@ARGV by
           default).

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments([@argument])

           The X11 options may be specified using a single dash - as per the
           X11 convention, or using two dashes -- as per the POSIX standard
           (e.g.  -geometry 100x100, -geometry 100x100 or -geometry=100x100).
           The options may be interspersed with other options or arguments.  A
           -- by itself terminates option processing.

           By default, command line options are extracted from @ARGV the first
           time a MainWindow is created. The Tk::MainWindow constructor
           indirectly invokes "SetArguments"() to do this.

       GetArguments - Tk::CmdLine::GetArguments()
           Get a list of the X11 options that have been processed by
           "SetArguments"().  ("GetArguments"() first invokes "SetArguments"()
           if it has not already been invoked.)

       cget - Tk::CmdLine::cget([$option])
           Get the value of a configuration option specified via
           "SetArguments"().  ("cget"() first invokes "SetArguments"() if it
           has not already been invoked.)

             Tk::CmdLine::cget([$option])

           The valid options are: -class, -name, -screen and -title.  If no
           option is specified, -class is implied.

           A typical use of "cget"() might be to obtain the application class
           in order to define the name of a resource file to be loaded in via
           "LoadResources"().

             my $class = Tk::CmdLine::cget(); # process command line and return class

       SetResources - Tk::CmdLine::SetResources((\@resource | $resource) [,
       $priority])
           Set the initial resources.

             Tk::CmdLine::SetResources((\@resource | $resource) [, $priority])

           A single resource may be specified using a string of the form
           '<pattern>:<value>'. Multiple resources may be specified by passing
           an array reference whose elements are either strings of the above
           form, and/or anonymous arrays of the form [ <pattern>, <value> ].
           The optional second argument specifies the priority, as defined in
           option, to be associated with the resources (default: userDefault).

           Note that "SetResources"() first invokes "SetArguments"() if it has
           not already been invoked.

       LoadResources - Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources([%options])
           Load initial resources from one or more files.

             Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources(
                 [ -symbol   => $symbol     ]
                 [ -file     => $fileSpec   ]
                 [ -priority => $priority   ]
                 [ -echo     => $fileHandle ] );

           [ -symbol => $symbol ] specifies the name of an environment
           variable that, if set, defines a list of one or more directories
           and/or file patterns (joined using the OS-dependent path delimiter,
           e.g. colon on UNIX).  $"XUSERFILESEARCHPATH" is a special case.  If
           $"XUSERFILESEARCHPATH" is not set, $"XAPPLRESDIR" is checked
           instead.  If $"XAPPLRESDIR" is not set, $"HOME" is checked instead.

           An item is identified as a file pattern if it contains one or more
           /%[A-Za-z]/ patterns. Only patterns %L, %T and %N are currently
           recognized. All others are replaced with the null string. Pattern
           %L is translated into $"LANG". Pattern %T is translated into app-
           defaults. Pattern %N is translated into the application class name.

           Each file pattern, after substitutions are applied, is assumed to
           define a FileSpec to be examined.

           When a directory is specified, FileSpecs <DIRECTORY>/<LANG>/<CLASS>
           and <DIRECTORY>/<CLASS> are defined, in that order.

           [ -file => $fileSpec ] specifies a resource file to be loaded in.
           The file is silently skipped if if does not exist, or if it is not
           readable.

           [ -priority => $priority ] specifies the priority, as defined in
           option, to be associated with the resources (default: userDefault).

           [ -echo => $fileHandle ] may be used to specify that a line should
           be printed to the corresponding FileHandle (default: \*STDOUT)
           everytime a file is examined / loaded.

           If no -symbol or -file options are specified, "LoadResources"()
           processes symbol $"XFILESEARCHPATH" with priority startupFile and
           $"XUSERFILESEARCHPATH" with priority userDefault.  (Note that
           $"XFILESEARCHPATH" and $"XUSERFILESEARCHPATH" are supposed to
           contain only patterns. $"XAPPLRESDIR" and $"HOME" are supposed to
           be a single directory. "LoadResources"() does not check/care
           whether this is the case.)

           For each set of FileSpecs, "LoadResources"() examines each FileSpec
           to determine if the file exists and is readable. The first file
           that meets this criteria is read in and "SetResources"() is
           invoked.

           Note that "LoadResources"() first invokes "SetArguments"() if it
           has not already been invoked.


NOTES

       This module is an object-oriented module whose methods can be invoked
       as object methods, class methods or regular functions. This is
       accomplished via an internally-maintained object reference which is
       created as necessary, and which always points to the last object used.
       "SetArguments"(), "SetResources"() and "LoadResources"() return the
       object reference.


EXAMPLES

       1.  @ARGV is processed by Tk::CmdLine at MainWindow creation.

             use Tk;

             # <Process @ARGV - ignoring all X11-specific options>

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();

       2.  @ARGV is processed by Tk::CmdLine before MainWindow creation.  An
           @ARGV of (--geometry=100x100 -opt1 a b c -bg red) is equal to
           (-opt1 a b c) after "SetArguments"() is invoked.

             use Tk;

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments(); # Tk::CmdLine->SetArguments() works too

             # <Process @ARGV - not worrying about X11-specific options>

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();

       3.  Just like 2) except that default arguments are loaded first.

             use Tk;

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments(qw(-name test -iconic));
             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments();

             # <Process @ARGV - not worrying about X11-specific options>

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();

       4.  @ARGV is processed by Tk::CmdLine before MainWindow creation.
           Standard resource files are loaded in before MainWindow creation.

             use Tk;

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments();

             # <Process @ARGV - not worrying about X11-specific options>

             Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources();

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();

       5.  @ARGV is processed by Tk::CmdLine before MainWindow creation.
           Standard resource files are loaded in before MainWindow creation
           using non-default priorities.

             use Tk;

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments();

             # <Process @ARGV - not worrying about X11-specific options>

             Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources(-echo => \*STDOUT,
                 -priority => 65, -symbol => 'XFILESEARCHPATH' );
             Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources(-echo => \*STDOUT,
                 -priority => 75, -symbol => 'XUSERFILESEARCHPATH' );

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();

       6.  @ARGV is processed by Tk::CmdLine before MainWindow creation.
           Standard resource files are loaded in before MainWindow creation.
           Individual resources are also loaded in before MainWindow creation.

             use Tk;

             Tk::CmdLine::SetArguments();

             # <Process @ARGV - not worrying about X11-specific options>

             Tk::CmdLine::LoadResources();

             Tk::CmdLine::SetResources( # set a single resource
                 '*Button*background: red',
                 'widgetDefault' );

             Tk::CmdLine::SetResources( # set multiple resources
                 [ '*Button*background: red', '*Button*foreground: blue' ],
                 'widgetDefault' );

             my $mw = MainWindow->new();

             MainLoop();


ENVIRONMENT

       HOME (optional)
           Home directory which may contain user application defaults files as
           $"HOME"/$"LANG"/<CLASS> or $"HOME"/<CLASS>.

       LANG (optional)
           The current language (default: C).

       XFILESEARCHPATH (optional)
           List of FileSpec patterns (joined using the OS-dependent path
           delimiter, e.g. colon on UNIX) used in defining system application
           defaults files.

       XUSERFILESEARCHPATH (optional)
           List of FileSpec patterns (joined using the OS-dependent path
           delimiter, e.g. colon on UNIX) used in defining user application
           defaults files.

       XAPPLRESDIR (optional)
           Directory containing user application defaults files as
           $"XAPPLRESDIR"/$"LANG"/<CLASS> or $"XAPPLRESDIR"/<CLASS>.


SEE ALSO

       MainWindow option


HISTORY

       o   1999.03.04 Ben Pavon <ben.pavon@hsc.hac.com>

           Rewritten as an object-oriented module.

           Allow one to process command line options in a specified array
           (@ARGV by default).  Eliminate restrictions on the format and
           location of the options within the array (previously the X11
           options could not be specified in POSIX format and had to be at the
           beginning of the array).

           Added the "SetResources"() and "LoadResources"() functions to allow
           the definition of resources prior to MainWindow creation.

       o   2000.08.31 Ben Pavon <ben.pavon@hsc.hac.com>

           Added the "GetArguments"() method which returns the list of
           arguments that have been processed by "SetArguments"().

           Modified "LoadResources"() to split the symbols using the OS-
           dependent path delimiter defined in the Config module.

           Modified "LoadResources"() to eliminate a warning message when
           processing patterns %l, %C, %S.



perl v5.18.0                      2012-01-16                        CmdLine(3)

perl-Tk 804.030_502 - Generated Mon Aug 12 14:40:32 CDT 2013
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