inet(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual inet(4)
NAME
inet -- Internet protocol family
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
DESCRIPTION
The Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols layered atop
the Internet Protocol (IP) transport layer, and utilizing the Internet
address format. The Internet family provides protocol support for the
SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the SOCK_RAW inter-
face provides access to the IP protocol.
ADDRESSING
Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in network standard
format (on the VAX these are word and byte reversed). The include file
<netinet/in.h> defines this address as a discriminated union.
Sockets bound to the Internet protocol family utilize the following
addressing structure,
struct sockaddr_in {
short sin_family;
u_short sin_port;
struct in_addr sin_addr;
char sin_zero[8];
};
Sockets may be created with the local address INADDR_ANY to effect
``wildcard'' matching on incoming messages. The address in a connect(2)
or sendto(2) call may be given as INADDR_ANY to mean ``this host''. The
distinguished address INADDR_BROADCAST is allowed as a shorthand for the
broadcast address on the primary network if the first network configured
supports broadcast.
PROTOCOLS
The Internet protocol family is comprised of the IP transport protocol,
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP is used to support the
SOCK_STREAM abstraction while UDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM
abstraction. A raw interface to IP is available by creating an Internet
socket of type SOCK_RAW. The ICMP message protocol is accessible from a
raw socket.
The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts. It is
frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear in Class A
addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network number. Class
B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field, and Class C
addresses have a 24-bit network part. Sites with a cluster of local net-
works and a connection to the Internet may chose to use a single network
number for the cluster; this is done by using subnet addressing. The
local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided into subnet and
host parts. Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an individual
network; externally, the entire cluster appears to be a single, uniform
network requiring only a single routing entry. Subnet addressing is
enabled and examined by the following ioctl(2) commands on a datagram
socket in the Internet domain; they have the same form as the SIOCIFADDR
command (see intro(4)).
SIOCSIFNETMASK Set interface network mask. The network mask defines the
network part of the address; if it contains more of the
address than the address type would indicate, then sub-
nets are in use.
SIOCGIFNETMASK Get interface network mask.
SEE ALSO
ioctl(2), socket(2), icmp(4), intro(4), ip(4), tcp(4), udp(4)
"An Introductory 4.3 BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial", PS1, 7.
"An Advanced 4.3 BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial", PS1, 8.
CAVEAT
The Internet protocol support is subject to change as the Internet proto-
cols develop. Users should not depend on details of the current imple-
mentation, but rather the services exported.
HISTORY
The inet protocol interface appeared in 4.2BSD.
4.2 Berkeley Distribution June 5, 1993 4.2 Berkeley Distribution
Mac OS X 10.9 - Generated Wed Oct 16 06:03:53 CDT 2013