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gpsd_json(5)                  GPSD Documentation                  gpsd_json(5)




NAME

       gpsd_json - gpsd request/response protocol


OVERVIEW

       gpsd is a service daemon that can be used to monitor GPSes, DGPS
       receivers, Marine AIS broadcasts, and various other location-related
       and kinematic sensors.

       Clients may communicate with gpsd via textual requests and responses
       over a socket. It is a bad idea for applications to speak the protocol
       directly: rather, they should use the libgps client library (for C;
       bindings also exist for other languages) and take appropriate care to
       check in their code for the expected major and minor protocol versions.

       The GPSD protocol is built on top of JSON, JavaScript Object Notation,
       as specified in [RFC-7159]: The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
       Interchange Format. Similar to ECMA 404.

       GPSD's use of JSON is restricted in some ways that make parsing it in
       fixed-extent languages (such as C) easier.

       A request line is introduced by "?" and may include multiple commands.
       Commands begin with a command identifier, followed either by a
       terminating ';' or by an equal sign "=" and a JSON object treated as an
       argument. Any ';' or newline indication (either LF or CR-LF) after the
       end of a command is ignored. All request lines must be composed of
       US-ASCII characters and may be no more than 80 characters in length,
       exclusive of the trailing newline.

       Responses are single JSON objects that have a "class" attribute the
       value of which is the object type . Object types include, but are not
       limited to: "TPV", "SKY", "DEVICE", and "ERROR". Objects are sent both
       in response to commands, and periodically as gpsd sends reports. Each
       object is terminated by a carriage return and a new line (CR-NL).

       The order of JSON attributes within a response object is never
       significant, and you may specify command attributes in any order.
       Responses never contain the special JSON value null; instead,
       attributes with empty or undefined values are omitted. The length limit
       for responses and reports is currently 10240 characters, including the
       trailing CR-NL. Longer responses will be truncated, so client code must
       be prepared for the possibility of invalid JSON fragments.

       The default maximum message length is set by GPS_JSON_RESPONSE_MAX in
       include/gpsd_json.h. at compile time.

       In JSON reports, if an attribute is present only if the parent
       attribute is present or has a particular range, then the parent
       attribute is emitted first.

       There is one constraint on the order in which attributes will be
       omitted. If an optional attribute is present only when a parent
       attribute has a specified value or range of values, the parent
       attribute will be emitted first to make parsing easier.

       The next subsection section documents the core GPSD protocol.
       Extensions are documented in the following subsections. The extensions
       may not be supported in your gpsd instance if it has been compiled with
       a restricted feature set.

       The protocol was designed and documented by Eric S. Raymond.


CORE PROTOCOL RESPONSES

       Here are the core-protocol responses.

   TPV
       A TPV object is a time-position-velocity report. The "class" and "mode"
       fields will reliably be present. When "mode" is 0 (Unknown) there is
       likely no usable data in the sentence. The remaining fields are
       optional, their presence depends on what data the GNSS receiver has
       sent, and what gpsd may calculate from that data.

       A TPV object will usually be sent at least once for every measurement
       epoch as determined by the "time" field. Unless the receiver has a
       solid fix, and knows the current leap second, the time may be random.

       Multiple TPV objects are often sent per epoch. When the receiver
       dribbles data to gpsd, then gpsd has no choice but to dribble it to the
       client in multiple TPV messages.

       The optional "status" field (aka fix type), is a modifier (adjective)
       to mode. It is not a replacement for, or superset of, the "mode" field.
       It is almost, but not quite, the same as the NMEA 4.x xxGGA GPS Quality
       Indicator Values. Many GNSS receivers do not supply it. Those that do
       interpret the specification in various incompatible ways. To save space
       in the output, and avoid confusion, the JSON never includes status
       values of 0 or 1.

       All error estimates (epc, epd, epe, eph, ept, epv, epx, epy) are
       guessed to be 95% confidence, may also be 50%, one sigma, or two sigma
       confidence. Many GNSS receivers do not specify a confidence level. None
       specify how the value is calculated. Use error estimates with caution,
       and only as relative "goodness" indicators. If the GPS reports a value
       to gpsd, then gpsd will report that value. Otherwise gpsd will try to
       compute the value from the skyview.

       See the file include/gps.h, especially struct gps_data_t, for expanded
       notes on the items and values in the TPV message.

       Table 1. TPV object
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |Name        | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |class       | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "TPV"     |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |device      | No      | string  | Name of the      |
       |            |         |         | originating      |
       |            |         |         | device.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |mode        | Yes     | numeric | NMEA mode:       |
       |            |         |         | 0=unknown,       |
       |            |         |         | 1=no fix,        |
       |            |         |         | 2=2D,            |
       |            |         |         | 3=3D.            |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |status      | No      | numeric | GPS fix status:  |
       |            |         |         | 0=Unknown,       |
       |            |         |         | 1=Normal,        |
       |            |         |         | 2=DGPS,          |
       |            |         |         | 3=RTK Fixed,     |
       |            |         |         | 4=RTK Floating,  |
       |            |         |         | 5=DR,            |
       |            |         |         | 6=GNSSDR,        |
       |            |         |         | 7=Time           |
       |            |         |         | (surveyed),      |
       |            |         |         | 8=Simulated,     |
       |            |         |         | 9=P(Y)           |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |time        | No      | string  | Time/date stamp  |
       |            |         |         | in ISO8601       |
       |            |         |         | format, UTC. May |
       |            |         |         | have a           |
       |            |         |         | fractional part  |
       |            |         |         | of up to .001sec |
       |            |         |         | precision. May   |
       |            |         |         | be absent if the |
       |            |         |         | mode is not 2D   |
       |            |         |         | or 3D. May be    |
       |            |         |         | present, but     |
       |            |         |         | invalid, if      |
       |            |         |         | there is no fix. |
       |            |         |         | Verify 3         |
       |            |         |         | consecutive 3D   |
       |            |         |         | fixes before     |
       |            |         |         | believing it is  |
       |            |         |         | UTC. Even then   |
       |            |         |         | it may be off by |
       |            |         |         | several seconds  |
       |            |         |         | until the        |
       |            |         |         | current leap     |
       |            |         |         | seconds is       |
       |            |         |         | known.           |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |altHAE      | No      | numeric | Altitude, height |
       |            |         |         | above ellipsoid, |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       |            |         |         | Probably WGS84.  |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |altMSL      | No      | numeric | MSL Altitude in  |
       |            |         |         | meters. The      |
       |            |         |         | geoid used is    |
       |            |         |         | rarely specified |
       |            |         |         | and is often     |
       |            |         |         | inaccurate. See  |
       |            |         |         | the comments     |
       |            |         |         | below on         |
       |            |         |         | geoidSep. altMSL |
       |            |         |         | is altHAE minus  |
       |            |         |         | geoidSep.        |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |alt         | No      | numeric | Deprecated.      |
       |            |         |         | Undefined. Use   |
       |            |         |         | altHAE or        |
       |            |         |         | altMSL.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |climb       | No      | numeric | Climb (positive) |
       |            |         |         | or sink          |
       |            |         |         | (negative) rate, |
       |            |         |         | meters per       |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |datum       | No      | string  | Current datum.   |
       |            |         |         | Hopefully WGS84. |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |depth       | No      | numeric | Depth in meters. |
       |            |         |         | Probably depth   |
       |            |         |         | below the        |
       |            |         |         | keel...          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |dgpsAge     | No      | numeric | Age of DGPS      |
       |            |         |         | data. In seconds |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |dgpsSta     | No      | numeric | Station of DGPS  |
       |            |         |         | data.            |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |epc         | No      | numeric | Estimated climb  |
       |            |         |         | error in meters  |
       |            |         |         | per second.      |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |epd         | No      | numeric | Estimated track  |
       |            |         |         | (direction)      |
       |            |         |         | error in         |
       |            |         |         | degrees.         |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |eph         | No      | numeric | Estimated        |
       |            |         |         | horizontal       |
       |            |         |         | Position (2D)    |
       |            |         |         | Error in meters. |
       |            |         |         | Also known as    |
       |            |         |         | Estimated        |
       |            |         |         | Position Error   |
       |            |         |         | (epe). Certainty |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |eps         | No      | numeric | Estimated speed  |
       |            |         |         | error in meters  |
       |            |         |         | per second.      |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ept         | No      | numeric | Estimated time   |
       |            |         |         | stamp error in   |
       |            |         |         | seconds.         |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |epx         | No      | numeric | Longitude error  |
       |            |         |         | estimate in      |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |epy         | No      | numeric | Latitude error   |
       |            |         |         | estimate in      |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |epv         | No      | numeric | Estimated        |
       |            |         |         | vertical error   |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |geoidSep    | No      | numeric | Geoid separation |
       |            |         |         | is the           |
       |            |         |         | difference       |
       |            |         |         | between the      |
       |            |         |         | WGS84 reference  |
       |            |         |         | ellipsoid and    |
       |            |         |         | the geoid (Mean  |
       |            |         |         | Sea Level) in    |
       |            |         |         | meters. Almost   |
       |            |         |         | no GNSS receiver |
       |            |         |         | specifies how    |
       |            |         |         | they compute     |
       |            |         |         | their geoid.     |
       |            |         |         | gpsd             |
       |            |         |         | interpolates the |
       |            |         |         | geoid from a 5x5 |
       |            |         |         | degree table of  |
       |            |         |         | EGM2008 values   |
       |            |         |         | when the         |
       |            |         |         | receiver does    |
       |            |         |         | not supply a     |
       |            |         |         | geoid            |
       |            |         |         | separation. The  |
       |            |         |         | gpsd computed    |
       |            |         |         | geoidSep is      |
       |            |         |         | usually within   |
       |            |         |         | one meter of the |
       |            |         |         | "true" value,    |
       |            |         |         | but can be off   |
       |            |         |         | as much as 12    |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |lat         | No      | numeric | Latitude in      |
       |            |         |         | degrees: +/-     |
       |            |         |         | signifies        |
       |            |         |         | North/South.     |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |leapseconds | No      | integer | Current leap     |
       |            |         |         | seconds.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |lon         | No      | numeric | Longitude in     |
       |            |         |         | degrees: +/-     |
       |            |         |         | signifies        |
       |            |         |         | East/West.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |track       | No      | numeric | Course over      |
       |            |         |         | ground, degrees  |
       |            |         |         | from true north. |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |magtrack    | No      | numeric | Course over      |
       |            |         |         | ground, degrees  |
       |            |         |         | magnetic.        |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |magvar      | No      | numeric | Magnetic         |
       |            |         |         | variation,       |
       |            |         |         | degrees. Also    |
       |            |         |         | known as the     |
       |            |         |         | magnetic         |
       |            |         |         | declination (the |
       |            |         |         | direction of the |
       |            |         |         | horizontal       |
       |            |         |         | component of the |
       |            |         |         | magnetic field   |
       |            |         |         | measured         |
       |            |         |         | clockwise from   |
       |            |         |         | north) in        |
       |            |         |         | degrees,         |
       |            |         |         | Positive is West |
       |            |         |         | variation.       |
       |            |         |         | Negative is East |
       |            |         |         | variation.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |speed       | No      | numeric | Speed over       |
       |            |         |         | ground, meters   |
       |            |         |         | per second.      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefx       | No      | numeric | ECEF X position  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefy       | No      | numeric | ECEF Y position  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefz       | No      | numeric | ECEF Z position  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefpAcc    | No      | numeric | ECEF position    |
       |            |         |         | error in meters. |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefvx      | No      | numeric | ECEF X velocity  |
       |            |         |         | in meters per    |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefvy      | No      | numeric | ECEF Y velocity  |
       |            |         |         | in meters per    |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefvz      | No      | numeric | ECEF Z velocity  |
       |            |         |         | in meters per    |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |ecefvAcc    | No      | numeric | ECEF velocity    |
       |            |         |         | error in meters  |
       |            |         |         | per second.      |
       |            |         |         | Certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |sep         | No      | numeric | Estimated        |
       |            |         |         | Spherical (3D)   |
       |            |         |         | Position Error   |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       |            |         |         | Guessed to be    |
       |            |         |         | 95% confidence,  |
       |            |         |         | but many GNSS    |
       |            |         |         | receivers do not |
       |            |         |         | specify, so      |
       |            |         |         | certainty        |
       |            |         |         | unknown.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |relD        | No      | numeric | Down component   |
       |            |         |         | of relative      |
       |            |         |         | position vector  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |relE        | No      | numeric | East component   |
       |            |         |         | of relative      |
       |            |         |         | position vector  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |relN        | No      | numeric | North component  |
       |            |         |         | of relative      |
       |            |         |         | position vector  |
       |            |         |         | in meters.       |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |velD        | No      | numeric | Down velocity    |
       |            |         |         | component in     |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |velE        | No      | numeric | East velocity    |
       |            |         |         | component in     |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |velN        | No      | numeric | North velocity   |
       |            |         |         | component in     |
       |            |         |         | meters.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wanglem     | No      | numeric | Wind angle       |
       |            |         |         | magnetic in      |
       |            |         |         | degrees.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wangler     | No      | numeric | Wind angle       |
       |            |         |         | relative in      |
       |            |         |         | degrees.         |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wanglet     | No      | numeric | Wind angle true  |
       |            |         |         | in degrees.      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wspeedr     | No      | numeric | Wind speed       |
       |            |         |         | relative in      |
       |            |         |         | meters per       |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wspeedt     | No      | numeric | Wind speed true  |
       |            |         |         | in meters per    |
       |            |         |         | second.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |wtemp       | No      | numeric | Water            |
       |            |         |         | temperature in   |
       |            |         |         | degrees Celsius. |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert validity bits in the top-level set member for each field
       received; see gps.h for bitmask names and values.

       Invalid or unknown floating-point values will be set to NAN. Always
       check floating point values with isfinite() before use. isnan() is not
       sufficient.

       Here's an example TPV sentence:

           {"class":"TPV","device":"/dev/pts/1",
               "time":"2005-06-08T10:34:48.283Z","ept":0.005,
               "lat":46.498293369,"lon":7.567411672,"alt":1343.127,
               "eph":36.000,"epv":32.321,
               "track":10.3788,"speed":0.091,"climb":-0.085,"mode":3}

   SKY
       A SKY object reports a sky view of the GPS satellite positions. If
       there is no GPS device available, or no skyview has been reported yet,
       only the "class" field will reliably be present.

       Table 2. SKY object
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |Name       | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |class      | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "SKY"     |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |device     | No      | string  | Name of          |
       |           |         |         | originating      |
       |           |         |         | device           |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |nSat       | No      | numeric | Number of        |
       |           |         |         | satellite        |
       |           |         |         | objects in       |
       |           |         |         | "satellites"     |
       |           |         |         | array.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |gdop       | No      | numeric | Geometric        |
       |           |         |         | (hyperspherical) |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | combination of   |
       |           |         |         | PDOP and TDOP. A |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |hdop       | No      | numeric | Horizontal       |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | a circular error |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |pdop       | No      | numeric | Position         |
       |           |         |         | (spherical/3D)   |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |prRes      | No      | numeric | Pseudorange      |
       |           |         |         | residue in       |
       |           |         |         | meters.          |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |qual       | No      | numeric | Quality          |
       |           |         |         | Indicator        |
       |           |         |         | 0=no signal      |
       |           |         |         | 1=searching      |
       |           |         |         | signal           |
       |           |         |         | 2=signal         |
       |           |         |         | acquired         |
       |           |         |         | 3=signal         |
       |           |         |         | detected but     |
       |           |         |         | unusable         |
       |           |         |         | 4=code locked    |
       |           |         |         | and time         |
       |           |         |         | synchronized     |
       |           |         |         | 5, 6, 7=code and |
       |           |         |         | carrier locked   |
       |           |         |         | and time         |
       |           |         |         | synchronized     |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |satellites | No      | list    | List of          |
       |           |         |         | satellite        |
       |           |         |         | objects in       |
       |           |         |         | skyview          |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |tdop       | No      | numeric | Time dilution of |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |time       | No      | string  | Time/date stamp  |
       |           |         |         | in ISO8601       |
       |           |         |         | format, UTC. May |
       |           |         |         | have a           |
       |           |         |         | fractional part  |
       |           |         |         | of up to .001sec |
       |           |         |         | precision.       |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |uSat       | No      | numeric | Number of        |
       |           |         |         | satellites used  |
       |           |         |         | in navigation    |
       |           |         |         | solution.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |vdop       | No      | numeric | Vertical         |
       |           |         |         | (altitude)       |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |xdop       | No      | numeric | Longitudinal     |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |ydop       | No      | numeric | Latitudinal      |
       |           |         |         | dilution of      |
       |           |         |         | precision, a     |
       |           |         |         | dimensionless    |
       |           |         |         | factor which     |
       |           |         |         | should be        |
       |           |         |         | multiplied by a  |
       |           |         |         | base UERE to get |
       |           |         |         | an error         |
       |           |         |         | estimate.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+

       Many devices compute dilution of precision factors but do not include
       them in their reports. Many that do report DOPs report only HDOP,
       two-dimensional circular error. gpsd always passes through whatever the
       device reports, then attempts to fill in other DOPs by calculating the
       appropriate determinants in a covariance matrix based on the satellite
       view. DOPs may be missing if some of these determinants are singular.
       It can even happen that the device reports an error estimate in meters
       when the corresponding DOP is unavailable; some devices use more
       sophisticated error modeling than the covariance calculation.

       The satellite list objects have the following elements:

       Table 3. Satellite object
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |Name   | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |PRN    | Yes     | numeric | PRN ID of the    |
       |       |         |         | satellite. 1-63  |
       |       |         |         | are GNSS         |
       |       |         |         | satellites,      |
       |       |         |         | 64-96 are        |
       |       |         |         | GLONASS          |
       |       |         |         | satellites,      |
       |       |         |         | 100-164 are SBAS |
       |       |         |         | satellites       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |az     | No      | numeric | Azimuth, degrees |
       |       |         |         | from true north. |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |el     | No      | numeric | Elevation in     |
       |       |         |         | degrees.         |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |ss     | No      | numeric | Signal to Noise  |
       |       |         |         | ratio in dBHz.   |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |used   | Yes     | boolean | Used in current  |
       |       |         |         | solution?        |
       |       |         |         | (SBAS/WAAS/EGNOS |
       |       |         |         | satellites may   |
       |       |         |         | be flagged used  |
       |       |         |         | if the solution  |
       |       |         |         | has corrections  |
       |       |         |         | from them, but   |
       |       |         |         | not all drivers  |
       |       |         |         | make this        |
       |       |         |         | information      |
       |       |         |         | available.)      |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |gnssid | No      | numeric | The GNSS ID, as  |
       |       |         |         | defined by       |
       |       |         |         | u-blox, not      |
       |       |         |         | NMEA. 0=GPS,     |
       |       |         |         | 2=Galileo,       |
       |       |         |         | 3=Beidou,        |
       |       |         |         | 5=QZSS,          |
       |       |         |         | 6-GLONASS.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |svid   | No      | numeric | The satellite ID |
       |       |         |         | within its       |
       |       |         |         | constellation.   |
       |       |         |         | As defined by    |
       |       |         |         | u-blox, not      |
       |       |         |         | NMEA).           |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |sigid  | No      | numeric | The signal ID of |
       |       |         |         | this signal. As  |
       |       |         |         | defined by       |
       |       |         |         | u-blox, not      |
       |       |         |         | NMEA. See u-blox |
       |       |         |         | doc for details. |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |freqid | No      | numeric | For GLONASS      |
       |       |         |         | satellites only: |
       |       |         |         | the frequency ID |
       |       |         |         | of the signal.   |
       |       |         |         | As defined by    |
       |       |         |         | u-blox, range 0  |
       |       |         |         | to 13. The       |
       |       |         |         | freqid is the    |
       |       |         |         | frequency slot   |
       |       |         |         | plus 7.          |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |health | No      | numeric | The health of    |
       |       |         |         | this satellite.  |
       |       |         |         | 0 is unknown, 1  |
       |       |         |         | is OK, and 2 is  |
       |       |         |         | unhealthy.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+

       Note that satellite objects do not have a "class" field, as they are
       never shipped outside of a SKY object.

       When the C client library parses a SKY response, it will assert the
       SATELLITE_SET bit in the top-level set member.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"SKY","device":"/dev/pts/1",
               "time":"2005-07-08T11:28:07.114Z",
               "xdop":1.55,"hdop":1.24,"pdop":1.99,
               "satellites":[
                   {"PRN":23,"el":6,"az":84,"ss":0,"used":false},
                   {"PRN":28,"el":7,"az":160,"ss":0,"used":false},
                   {"PRN":8,"el":66,"az":189,"ss":44,"used":true},
                   {"PRN":29,"el":13,"az":273,"ss":0,"used":false},
                   {"PRN":10,"el":51,"az":304,"ss":29,"used":true},
                   {"PRN":4,"el":15,"az":199,"ss":36,"used":true},
                   {"PRN":2,"el":34,"az":241,"ss":43,"used":true},
                   {"PRN":27,"el":71,"az":76,"ss":43,"used":true}]}

   GST
       A GST object is a pseudorange noise report.

       Table 4. GST object
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |Name   | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |class  | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "GST"     |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |device | No      | string  | Name of          |
       |       |         |         | originating      |
       |       |         |         | device           |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |time   | No      | string  | Time/date stamp  |
       |       |         |         | in ISO8601       |
       |       |         |         | format, UTC. May |
       |       |         |         | have a           |
       |       |         |         | fractional part  |
       |       |         |         | of up to .001sec |
       |       |         |         | precision.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |rms    | No      | numeric | Value of the     |
       |       |         |         | standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of the |
       |       |         |         | range inputs to  |
       |       |         |         | the navigation   |
       |       |         |         | process (range   |
       |       |         |         | inputs include   |
       |       |         |         | pseudoranges and |
       |       |         |         | DGPS             |
       |       |         |         | corrections).    |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |major  | No      | numeric | Standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of     |
       |       |         |         | semi-major axis  |
       |       |         |         | of error         |
       |       |         |         | ellipse, in      |
       |       |         |         | meters.          |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |minor  | No      | numeric | Standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of     |
       |       |         |         | semi-minor axis  |
       |       |         |         | of error         |
       |       |         |         | ellipse, in      |
       |       |         |         | meters.          |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |orient | No      | numeric | Orientation of   |
       |       |         |         | semi-major axis  |
       |       |         |         | of error         |
       |       |         |         | ellipse, in      |
       |       |         |         | degrees from     |
       |       |         |         | true north.      |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |lat    | No      | numeric | Standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of     |
       |       |         |         | latitude error,  |
       |       |         |         | in meters.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |lon    | No      | numeric | Standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of     |
       |       |         |         | longitude error, |
       |       |         |         | in meters.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |alt    | No      | numeric | Standard         |
       |       |         |         | deviation of     |
       |       |         |         | altitude error,  |
       |       |         |         | in meters.       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"GST","device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
                   "time":"2010-12-07T10:23:07.096Z","rms":2.440,
                   "major":1.660,"minor":1.120,"orient":68.989,
                   "lat":1.600,"lon":1.200,"alt":2.520}

   ATT
       An ATT object is a vehicle-attitude report. It is returned by
       digital-compass and gyroscope sensors; depending on device, it may
       include: heading, pitch, roll, yaw, gyroscope, and magnetic-field
       readings. Because such sensors are often bundled as part of
       marine-navigation systems, the ATT response may also include water
       depth.

       The "class" and "mode" fields will reliably be present. Others may be
       reported or not depending on the specific device type.

       The ATT object is synchronous to the GNSS epoch. Some devices report
       attitude information with arbitrary, even out of order, time scales.
       gpsd reports those in an IMU object. The ATT and IMU objects have the
       same fields, but IMU objects are output as soon as possible. Some
       devices output both types with arbitrary interleaving.

       Table 5. ATT object
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |Name     | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |class    | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "ATT"     |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |device   | Yes     | string  | Name of          |
       |         |         |         | originating      |
       |         |         |         | device           |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |time     | No      | string  | Time/date stamp  |
       |         |         |         | in ISO8601       |
       |         |         |         | format, UTC. May |
       |         |         |         | have a           |
       |         |         |         | fractional part  |
       |         |         |         | of up to .001sec |
       |         |         |         | precision.       |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |timeTag  | No      | string  | Arbitrary time   |
       |         |         |         | tag of           |
       |         |         |         | measurement.     |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |heading  | No      | numeric | Heading, degrees |
       |         |         |         | from true north. |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mag_st   | No      | string  | Magnetometer     |
       |         |         |         | status.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mheading | No      | numeric | Heading, degrees |
       |         |         |         | from magnetic    |
       |         |         |         | north.           |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |pitch    | No      | numeric | Pitch in         |
       |         |         |         | degrees.         |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |pitch_st | No      | string  | Pitch sensor     |
       |         |         |         | status.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |rot      | No      | numeric | Rate of Turn in  |
       |         |         |         | dgrees per       |
       |         |         |         | minute.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |yaw      | No      | numeric | Yaw in degrees   |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |yaw_st   | No      | string  | Yaw sensor       |
       |         |         |         | status.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |roll     | No      | numeric | Roll in degrees. |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |roll_st  | No      | string  | Roll sensor      |
       |         |         |         | status.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |dip      | No      | numeric | Local magnetic   |
       |         |         |         | inclination,     |
       |         |         |         | degrees,         |
       |         |         |         | positive when    |
       |         |         |         | the magnetic     |
       |         |         |         | field points     |
       |         |         |         | downward (into   |
       |         |         |         | the Earth).      |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mag_len  | No      | numeric | Scalar magnetic  |
       |         |         |         | field strength.  |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mag_x    | No      | numeric | X component of   |
       |         |         |         | magnetic field   |
       |         |         |         | strength.        |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mag_y    | No      | numeric | Y component of   |
       |         |         |         | magnetic field   |
       |         |         |         | strength.        |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |mag_z    | No      | numeric | Z component of   |
       |         |         |         | magnetic field   |
       |         |         |         | strength.        |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |acc_len  | No      | numeric | Scalar           |
       |         |         |         | acceleration.    |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |acc_x    | No      | numeric | X component of   |
       |         |         |         | acceleration     |
       |         |         |         | (m/s^2).         |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |acc_y    | No      | numeric | Y component of   |
       |         |         |         | acceleration     |
       |         |         |         | (m/s^2).         |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |acc_z    | No      | numeric | Z component of   |
       |         |         |         | acceleration     |
       |         |         |         | (m/s^2).         |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |gyro_x   | No      | numeric | X component of   |
       |         |         |         | angular rate     |
       |         |         |         | (deg/s)          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |gyro_y   | No      | numeric | Y component of   |
       |         |         |         | angular rate     |
       |         |         |         | (deg/s)          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |gyro_z   | No      | numeric | Z component of   |
       |         |         |         | angular rate     |
       |         |         |         | (deg/s)          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |depth    | No      | numeric | Water depth in   |
       |         |         |         | meters.          |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |         |         |         |                  |
       |temp     | No      | numeric | Temperature at   |
       |         |         |         | the sensor,      |
       |         |         |         | degrees          |
       |         |         |         | centigrade.      |
       +---------+---------+---------+------------------+

       The heading, pitch, and roll status codes (if present) vary by device.
       For the TNT Revolution digital compasses, they are coded as follows:

       Table 6. Device flags
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |Code | Description                |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |C    | magnetometer calibration   |
       |     | alarm                      |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |L    | low alarm                  |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |M    | low warning                |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |N    | normal                     |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |O    | high warning               |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |P    | high alarm                 |
       +-----+----------------------------+
       |     |                            |
       |V    | magnetometer voltage level |
       |     | alarm                      |
       +-----+----------------------------+

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert ATT_IS.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"ATT","time":1270938096.843,
               "heading":14223.00,"mag_st":"N",
               "pitch":169.00,"pitch_st":"N", "roll":-43.00,"roll_st":"N",
               "dip":13641.000,"mag_x":2454.000}

   IMU
       The IMU object is asynchronous to the GNSS epoch. It is reported with
       arbitrary, even out of order, time scales.

       The ATT and IMU objects have the same fields, but IMU objects are
       output as soon as possible.

       Seee the ATT onject description for field details.

   TOFF
       This message is emitted on each cycle and reports the offset between
       the host's clock time and the GPS time at top of the second (actually,
       when the first data for the reporting cycle is received).

       This message exactly mirrors the PPS message.

       The TOFF message reports the GPS time as derived from the GPS serial
       data stream. The PPS message reports the GPS time as derived from the
       GPS PPS pulse.

       A TOFF object has the following elements:

       Table 7. TOFF object
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |Name       | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |class      | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "TOFF"    |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |device     | Yes     | string  | Name of the      |
       |           |         |         | originating      |
       |           |         |         | device           |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |real_sec   | Yes     | numeric | seconds from the |
       |           |         |         | GPS clock        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |real_nsec  | Yes     | numeric | nanoseconds from |
       |           |         |         | the GPS clock    |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |clock_sec  | Yes     | numeric | seconds from the |
       |           |         |         | system clock     |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |clock_nsec | Yes     | numeric | nanoseconds from |
       |           |         |         | the system clock |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+

       This message is emitted once per second to watchers of a device and is
       intended to report the timestamps of the in-band report of the GPS and
       seconds as reported by the system clock (which may be NTP-corrected)
       when the first valid time stamp of the reporting cycle was seen.

       The message contains two second/nanosecond pairs: real_sec and
       real_nsec contain the time the GPS thinks it was at the start of the
       current cycle; clock_sec and clock_nsec contain the time the system
       clock thinks it was on receipt of the first timing message of the
       cycle. real_nsec is always to nanosecond precision. clock_nsec is
       nanosecond precision on most systems.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"TOFF","device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
                "real_sec":1330212592, "real_nsec":343182,
                "clock_sec":1330212592,"clock_nsec":343184,
                "precision":-2}

   PPS
       This message is emitted each time the daemon sees a valid PPS (Pulse
       Per Second) strobe from a device.

       This message exactly mirrors the TOFF message.

       The TOFF message reports the GPS time as derived from the GPS serial
       data stream. The PPS message reports the GPS time as derived from the
       GPS PPS pulse.

       There are various sources of error in the reported clock times. The
       speed of the serial connection between the GPS and the system adds a
       delay to the start of cycle detection. An even bigger error is added by
       the variable computation time inside the GPS. Taken together the time
       derived from the start of the GPS cycle can have offsets of 10
       milliseconds to 700 milliseconds and combined jitter and wander of 100
       to 300 milliseconds.

       See the NTP documentation for their definition of precision.

       A PPS object has the following elements:

       Table 8. PPS object
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |Name       | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |class      | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "PPS"     |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |device     | Yes     | string  | Name of the      |
       |           |         |         | originating      |
       |           |         |         | device           |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |real_sec   | Yes     | numeric | seconds from the |
       |           |         |         | PPS source       |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |real_nsec  | Yes     | numeric | nanoseconds from |
       |           |         |         | the PPS source   |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |clock_sec  | Yes     | numeric | seconds from the |
       |           |         |         | system clock     |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |clock_nsec | Yes     | numeric | nanoseconds from |
       |           |         |         | the system clock |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |precision  | Yes     | numeric | NTP style        |
       |           |         |         | estimate of PPS  |
       |           |         |         | precision        |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |shm        | Yes     | string  | shm key of this  |
       |           |         |         | PPS              |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |           |         |         |                  |
       |qErr       | No      | numeric | Quantization     |
       |           |         |         | error of the     |
       |           |         |         | PPS, in          |
       |           |         |         | picoseconds.     |
       |           |         |         | Sometimes called |
       |           |         |         | the "sawtooth"   |
       |           |         |         | error.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------+------------------+

       This message is emitted once per second to watchers of a device
       emitting PPS, and reports the time of the start of the GPS second (when
       the 1PPS arrives) and seconds as reported by the system clock (which
       may be NTP-corrected) at that moment.

       The message contains two second/nanosecond pairs: real_sec and
       real_nsec contain the time the GPS thinks it was at the PPS edge;
       clock_sec and clock_nsec contain the time the system clock thinks it
       was at the PPS edge. real_nsec is always to nanosecond precision.
       clock_nsec is nanosecond precision on most systems.

       There are various sources of error in the reported clock times. For PPS
       delivered via a real serial-line strobe, serial-interrupt latency plus
       processing time to the timer call should be bounded above by about 10
       microseconds; that can be reduced to less than 1 microsecond if your
       kernel supports [RFC-2783]. USB1.1-to-serial control-line emulation is
       limited to about 1 millisecond. seconds.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"PPS","device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
                "real_sec":1330212592, "real_nsec":343182,
                "clock_sec":1330212592,"clock_nsec":343184,
                "precision":-3}

   OSC
       This message reports the status of a GPS-disciplined oscillator
       (GPSDO). The GPS PPS output (which has excellent long-term stability)
       is typically used to discipline a local oscillator with much better
       short-term stability (such as a rubidium atomic clock).

       An OSC object has the following elements:

       Table 9. OSC object
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |Name        | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |class       | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "OSC"     |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |device      | Yes     | string  | Name of the      |
       |            |         |         | originating      |
       |            |         |         | device.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |running     | Yes     | boolean | If true, the     |
       |            |         |         | oscillator is    |
       |            |         |         | currently        |
       |            |         |         | running.         |
       |            |         |         | Oscillators may  |
       |            |         |         | require warm-up  |
       |            |         |         | time at the      |
       |            |         |         | start of the     |
       |            |         |         | day.             |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |reference   | Yes     | boolean | If true, the     |
       |            |         |         | oscillator is    |
       |            |         |         | receiving a GPS  |
       |            |         |         | PPS signal.      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |disciplined | Yes     | boolean | If true, the GPS |
       |            |         |         | PPS signal is    |
       |            |         |         | sufficiently     |
       |            |         |         | stable and is    |
       |            |         |         | being used to    |
       |            |         |         | discipline the   |
       |            |         |         | local            |
       |            |         |         | oscillator.      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |delta       | Yes     | numeric | The time         |
       |            |         |         | difference (in   |
       |            |         |         | nanoseconds)     |
       |            |         |         | between the      |
       |            |         |         | GPS-disciplined  |
       |            |         |         | oscillator PPS   |
       |            |         |         | output pulse and |
       |            |         |         | the most recent  |
       |            |         |         | GPS PPS input    |
       |            |         |         | pulse.           |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"OSC","running":true,"device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
               "reference":true,"disciplined":true,"delta":67}


CORE PROTOCOL COMMANDS

       And here are the commands you can send to gpsd.

   ?VERSION;
       Returns an object with the following attributes:

       Table 10. VERSION object
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |Name        | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |class       | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "VERSION" |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |release     | Yes     | string  | Public release   |
       |            |         |         | level            |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |rev         | Yes     | string  | Internal         |
       |            |         |         | revision-control |
       |            |         |         | level.           |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |proto_major | Yes     | numeric | API major        |
       |            |         |         | revision level.  |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |proto_minor | Yes     | numeric | API minor        |
       |            |         |         | revision level.  |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |            |         |         |                  |
       |remote      | No      | string  | URL of the       |
       |            |         |         | remote daemon    |
       |            |         |         | reporting this   |
       |            |         |         | version. If      |
       |            |         |         | empty, this is   |
       |            |         |         | the version of   |
       |            |         |         | the local        |
       |            |         |         | daemon.          |
       +------------+---------+---------+------------------+

       The daemon ships a VERSION response to each client when the client
       first connects to it.

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the VERSION_SET bit in the top-level set member.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"VERSION","version":"2.40dev",
               "rev":"06f62e14eae9886cde907dae61c124c53eb1101f",
               "proto_major":3,"proto_minor":1
           }

   ?DEVICES;
       Returns a device list object with the following elements:

       Table 11. DEVICES object
       +--------+---------+--------+------------------+
       |        |         |        |                  |
       |Name    | Always? | Type   | Description      |
       +--------+---------+--------+------------------+
       |        |         |        |                  |
       |class   | Yes     | string | Fixed: "DEVICES" |
       +--------+---------+--------+------------------+
       |        |         |        |                  |
       |devices | Yes     | list   | List of device   |
       |        |         |        | descriptions     |
       +--------+---------+--------+------------------+
       |        |         |        |                  |
       |remote  | No      | string | URL of the       |
       |        |         |        | remote daemon    |
       |        |         |        | reporting the    |
       |        |         |        | device set. If   |
       |        |         |        | empty, this is a |
       |        |         |        | DEVICES response |
       |        |         |        | from the local   |
       |        |         |        | daemon.          |
       +--------+---------+--------+------------------+

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the DEVICELIST_SET bit in the top-level set member.

       Here's an example:

           {"class"="DEVICES","devices":[
               {"class":"DEVICE","path":"/dev/pts/1","flags":1,"driver":"SiRF binary"},
               {"class":"DEVICE","path":"/dev/pts/3","flags":4,"driver":"AIVDM"}]}

       The daemon occasionally ships a bare DEVICE object to the client (that
       is, one not inside a DEVICES wrapper). The data content of these
       objects will be described later as a response to the ?DEVICE command.

   ?WATCH;
       This command sets watcher mode. It also sets or elicits a report of
       per-subscriber policy and the raw bit. An argument WATCH object changes
       the subscriber's policy. The response describes the subscriber's
       policy. The response will also include a DEVICES object.

       A WATCH object has the following elements:

       Table 12. WATCH object
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |Name    | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |class   | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "WATCH"   |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |enable  | No      | boolean | Enable (true) or |
       |        |         |         | disable (false)  |
       |        |         |         | watcher mode.    |
       |        |         |         | Default is true. |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |json    | No      | boolean | Enable (true) or |
       |        |         |         | disable (false)  |
       |        |         |         | dumping of JSON  |
       |        |         |         | reports. Default |
       |        |         |         | is false.        |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |nmea    | No      | boolean | Enable (true) or |
       |        |         |         | disable (false)  |
       |        |         |         | dumping of       |
       |        |         |         | binary packets   |
       |        |         |         | as pseudo-NMEA.  |
       |        |         |         | Default is       |
       |        |         |         | false.           |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |raw     | No      | integer | Controls 'raw'   |
       |        |         |         | mode. When this  |
       |        |         |         | attribute is set |
       |        |         |         | to 1 for a       |
       |        |         |         | channel, gpsd    |
       |        |         |         | reports the      |
       |        |         |         | unprocessed NMEA |
       |        |         |         | or AIVDM data    |
       |        |         |         | stream from      |
       |        |         |         | whatever device  |
       |        |         |         | is attached.     |
       |        |         |         | Binary GPS       |
       |        |         |         | packets are      |
       |        |         |         | hex-dumped.      |
       |        |         |         | RTCM2 and RTCM3  |
       |        |         |         | packets are not  |
       |        |         |         | dumped in raw    |
       |        |         |         | mode. When this  |
       |        |         |         | attribute is set |
       |        |         |         | to 2 for a       |
       |        |         |         | channel that     |
       |        |         |         | processes binary |
       |        |         |         | data, gpsd       |
       |        |         |         | reports the      |
       |        |         |         | received data    |
       |        |         |         | verbatim without |
       |        |         |         | hex-dumping.     |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |scaled  | No      | boolean | If true, apply   |
       |        |         |         | scaling divisors |
       |        |         |         | to output before |
       |        |         |         | dumping; default |
       |        |         |         | is false.        |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |split24 | No      | boolean | If true,         |
       |        |         |         | aggregate AIS    |
       |        |         |         | type24 sentence  |
       |        |         |         | parts. If false, |
       |        |         |         | report each part |
       |        |         |         | as a separate    |
       |        |         |         | JSON object,     |
       |        |         |         | leaving the      |
       |        |         |         | client to match  |
       |        |         |         | MMSIs and        |
       |        |         |         | aggregate.       |
       |        |         |         | Default is       |
       |        |         |         | false. Applies   |
       |        |         |         | only to AIS      |
       |        |         |         | reports.         |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |pps     | No      | boolean | If true, emit    |
       |        |         |         | the TOFF JSON    |
       |        |         |         | message on each  |
       |        |         |         | cycle and a PPS  |
       |        |         |         | JSON message     |
       |        |         |         | when the device  |
       |        |         |         | issues 1PPS.     |
       |        |         |         | Default is       |
       |        |         |         | false.           |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |device  | No      | string  | If present,      |
       |        |         |         | enable watching  |
       |        |         |         | only of the      |
       |        |         |         | specified device |
       |        |         |         | rather than all  |
       |        |         |         | devices. Useful  |
       |        |         |         | with raw and     |
       |        |         |         | NMEA modes in    |
       |        |         |         | which device     |
       |        |         |         | responses aren't |
       |        |         |         | tagged. Has no   |
       |        |         |         | effect when used |
       |        |         |         | with             |
       |        |         |         | enable:false.    |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |        |         |         |                  |
       |remote  | No      | string  | URL of the       |
       |        |         |         | remote daemon    |
       |        |         |         | reporting the    |
       |        |         |         | watch set. If    |
       |        |         |         | empty, this is a |
       |        |         |         | WATCH response   |
       |        |         |         | from the local   |
       |        |         |         | daemon.          |
       +--------+---------+---------+------------------+

       There is an additional boolean "timing" attribute which is undocumented
       because that portion of the interface is considered unstable and for
       developer use only.

       In watcher mode, GPS reports are dumped as TPV and SKY responses. AIS,
       Subframe and RTCM reporting is described in the next section.

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the POLICY_SET bit in the top-level set member.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"WATCH", "raw":1,"scaled":true}

   ?POLL;
       The POLL command requests data from the last-seen fixes on all active
       GPS devices. Devices must previously have been activated by ?WATCH to
       be pollable.

       Polling can lead to possibly surprising results when it is used on a
       device such as an NMEA GPS for which a complete fix has to be
       accumulated from several sentences. If you poll while those sentences
       are being emitted, the response will contain only the fix data
       collected so far in the current epoch. It may be as much as one cycle
       time (typically 1 second) stale.

       The POLL response will contain a timestamped list of TPV objects
       describing cached data, and a timestamped list of SKY objects
       describing satellite configuration. If a device has not seen fixes, it
       will be reported with a mode field of zero.

       Table 13. POLL object
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |Name   | Always? | Type       | Description      |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |class  | Yes     | string     | Fixed: "POLL"    |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |time   | Yes     | Numeric    | Timestamp in ISO |
       |       |         |            | 8601 format. May |
       |       |         |            | have a           |
       |       |         |            | fractional part  |
       |       |         |            | of up to .001sec |
       |       |         |            | precision.       |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |active | Yes     | Numeric    | Count of active  |
       |       |         |            | devices.         |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |tpv    | Yes     | JSON array | Comma-separated  |
       |       |         |            | list of TPV      |
       |       |         |            | objects.         |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+
       |       |         |            |                  |
       |sky    | Yes     | JSON array | Comma-separated  |
       |       |         |            | list of SKY      |
       |       |         |            | objects.         |
       +-------+---------+------------+------------------+

       Here's an example of a POLL response:

           {"class":"POLL","time":"2010-06-04T10:31:00.289Z","active":1,
               "tpv":[{"class":"TPV","device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
                       "time":"2010-09-08T13:33:06.095Z",
                       "ept":0.005,"lat":40.035093060,
                       "lon":-75.519748733,"track":99.4319,"speed":0.123,"mode":2}],
               "sky":[{"class":"SKY","device":"/dev/ttyUSB0",
                       "time":1270517264.240,"hdop":9.20,
                       "satellites":[{"PRN":16,"el":55,"az":42,"ss":36,"used":true},
                                     {"PRN":19,"el":25,"az":177,"ss":0,"used":false},
                                     {"PRN":7,"el":13,"az":295,"ss":0,"used":false},
                                     {"PRN":6,"el":56,"az":135,"ss":32,"used":true},
                                     {"PRN":13,"el":47,"az":304,"ss":0,"used":false},
                                     {"PRN":23,"el":66,"az":259,"ss":0,"used":false},
                                     {"PRN":20,"el":7,"az":226,"ss":0,"used":false},
                                     {"PRN":3,"el":52,"az":163,"ss":32,"used":true},
                                     {"PRN":31,"el":16,"az":102,"ss":0,"used":false}
           ]}]}

           Note
           Client software should not assume the field inventory of the POLL
           response is fixed for all time. As gpsd collects and caches more
           data from more sensor types, those data are likely to find their
           way into this response.

   ?DEVICE; ?DEVICE=
       This command reports (when followed by ';') the state of a device, or
       sets (when followed by '=' and a DEVICE object) device-specific control
       bits, notably the device's speed and serial mode and the native-mode
       bit. The parameter-setting form will be rejected if more than one
       client is attached to the channel and a device path is not specified.

       Pay attention to the response, because it is possible for this command
       to fail if the GPS does not support a command or only supports some
       combinations of modes. In case of failure, the daemon and GPS will
       continue to communicate at the old speed.

       Use the parameter-setting form with caution. On USB and Bluetooth GPSes
       it is also possible for serial mode setting to fail either because the
       serial adaptor chip does not support non-8N1 modes or because the
       device firmware does not properly synchronize the serial adaptor chip
       with the UART on the GPS chipset when the speed changes. These failures
       can hang your device, possibly requiring a GPS power cycle or (in
       extreme cases) physically disconnecting the NVRAM backup battery.

       A DEVICE object has the following elements:

       Table 14. DEVICE object
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |Name      | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |class     | Yes     | string  | Fixed: "DEVICE"  |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |activated | No      | string  | Time the device  |
       |          |         |         | was activated as |
       |          |         |         | an ISO8601 time  |
       |          |         |         | stamp. If the    |
       |          |         |         | device is        |
       |          |         |         | inactive this    |
       |          |         |         | attribute is     |
       |          |         |         | absent.          |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |bps       | No      | integer | Device speed in  |
       |          |         |         | bits per second. |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |cycle     | No      | real    | Device cycle     |
       |          |         |         | time in seconds. |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |driver    | No      | string  | GPSD's name for  |
       |          |         |         | the device       |
       |          |         |         | driver type.     |
       |          |         |         | Won't be         |
       |          |         |         | reported before  |
       |          |         |         | gpsd has seen    |
       |          |         |         | identifiable     |
       |          |         |         | packets from the |
       |          |         |         | device.          |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |flags     | No      | integer | Bit vector of    |
       |          |         |         | property flags.  |
       |          |         |         | Currently        |
       |          |         |         | defined flags    |
       |          |         |         | are: describe    |
       |          |         |         | packet types     |
       |          |         |         | seen so far      |
       |          |         |         | (GPS, RTCM2,     |
       |          |         |         | RTCM3, AIS).     |
       |          |         |         | Won't be         |
       |          |         |         | reported if      |
       |          |         |         | empty, e.g.      |
       |          |         |         | before gpsd has  |
       |          |         |         | seen             |
       |          |         |         | identifiable     |
       |          |         |         | packets from the |
       |          |         |         | device.          |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |hexdata   | No      | string  | Data, in bare    |
       |          |         |         | hexadecimal, to  |
       |          |         |         | send to the GNSS |
       |          |         |         | receiver.        |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |mincycle  | No      | real    | Device minimum   |
       |          |         |         | cycle time in    |
       |          |         |         | seconds.         |
       |          |         |         | Reported from    |
       |          |         |         | ?DEVICE when     |
       |          |         |         | (and only when)  |
       |          |         |         | the rate is      |
       |          |         |         | switchable. It   |
       |          |         |         | is read-only and |
       |          |         |         | not settable.    |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |native    | No      | integer | 0 means NMEA     |
       |          |         |         | mode and 1 means |
       |          |         |         | alternate mode   |
       |          |         |         | (binary if it    |
       |          |         |         | has one, for     |
       |          |         |         | SiRF and         |
       |          |         |         | Evermore         |
       |          |         |         | chipsets in      |
       |          |         |         | particular).     |
       |          |         |         | Attempting to    |
       |          |         |         | set this mode on |
       |          |         |         | a non-GPS device |
       |          |         |         | will yield an    |
       |          |         |         | error.           |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |parity    | No      | string  | N, O or E for no |
       |          |         |         | parity, odd, or  |
       |          |         |         | even.            |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |path      | No      | string  | Name the device  |
       |          |         |         | for which the    |
       |          |         |         | control bits are |
       |          |         |         | being reported,  |
       |          |         |         | or for which     |
       |          |         |         | they are to be   |
       |          |         |         | applied. This    |
       |          |         |         | attribute may be |
       |          |         |         | omitted only     |
       |          |         |         | when there is    |
       |          |         |         | exactly one      |
       |          |         |         | subscribed       |
       |          |         |         | channel.         |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |readonly  | No      | boolean | True if device   |
       |          |         |         | is read-only.    |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |stopbits  | Yes     | string  | Stop bits (1 or  |
       |          |         |         | 2).              |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |subtype   | No      | string  | Whatever version |
       |          |         |         | information the  |
       |          |         |         | device driver    |
       |          |         |         | returned.        |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |          |         |         |                  |
       |subtype1  | No      | string  | More version     |
       |          |         |         | information the  |
       |          |         |         | device driver    |
       |          |         |         | returned.        |
       +----------+---------+---------+------------------+

       The serial parameters will (bps, parity, stopbits) be omitted in a
       response describing a TCP/IP source such as an Ntrip, DGPSIP, or AIS
       feed; on a serial device they will always be present.

       The contents of the flags field should be interpreted as follows:

       Table 15. Device flags
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+
       |           |       |                     |
       |C #define  | Value | Description         |
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+
       |           |       |                     |
       |SEEN_GPS   | 0x01  | GPS data has been   |
       |           |       | seen on this device |
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+
       |           |       |                     |
       |SEEN_RTCM2 | 0x02  | RTCM2 data has been |
       |           |       | seen on this device |
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+
       |           |       |                     |
       |SEEN_RTCM3 | 0x04  | RTCM3 data has been |
       |           |       | seen on this device |
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+
       |           |       |                     |
       |SEEN_AIS   | 0x08  | AIS data has been   |
       |           |       | seen on this device |
       +-----------+-------+---------------------+

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the DEVICE_SET bit in the top-level set member.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"DEVICE","bps":4800,"parity":"N","stopbits":1,"native":0}

       When a client is in watcher mode, the daemon will ship it DEVICE
       notifications when a device is added to the pool or deactivated.

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the DEVICE_SET bit in the top-level set member.

   Examples
       A notice of a deactivated device:

           {"class":"DEVICE","path":"/dev/pts1","activated":0}

       A send a u-blox receiver at /dev/ttyUSB2 a request for a UBX-MON-VER
       message:

           ?DEVICE={"path":"/dev/ttyUSB2","hexdata":"b5620a0400000e34"}

       The gpsd daemon will respond with an ACK on success:

           {"class":"ACK"}

   ERROR
       The daemon may ship an error object in response to a syntactically
       invalid command line or unknown command. It has the following elements:

       Table 16. ERROR notification object
       +--------+---------+--------+----------------+
       |        |         |        |                |
       |Name    | Always? | Type   | Description    |
       +--------+---------+--------+----------------+
       |        |         |        |                |
       |class   | Yes     | string | Fixed: "ERROR" |
       +--------+---------+--------+----------------+
       |        |         |        |                |
       |message | Yes     | string | Textual error  |
       |        |         |        | message        |
       +--------+---------+--------+----------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"ERROR","message":"Unrecognized request '?FOO'"}

       When the C client library parses a response of this kind, it will
       assert the ERR_SET bit in the top-level set member.


RTCM2

       RTCM-104 is a family of serial protocols used for broadcasting
       pseudorange corrections from differential-GPS reference stations. Many
       GPS receivers can accept these corrections to improve their reporting
       accuracy.

       RTCM-104 comes in two major and incompatible flavors, 2.x and 3.x. Each
       major flavor has minor (compatible) revisions.

       The applicable standard for RTCM Version 2.x is RTCM Recommended
       Standards for Differential NAVSTAR GPS Service RTCM Paper 194-93/SC
       104-STD. For RTCM 3.1 it is RTCM Paper 177-2006-SC104-STD. Ordering
       instructions for both standards are accessible from the website of the
       Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
       <https://www.rtcm.org/> under "Publications".

   RTCM WIRE TRANSMISSIONS
       Differential-GPS correction stations consist of a GPS reference
       receiver coupled to a low frequency (LF) transmitter. The GPS reference
       receiver is a survey-grade GPS that does GPS carrier tracking and can
       work out its position to a few millimeters. It generates range and
       range-rate corrections and encodes them into RTCM104. It ships the
       RTCM104 to the LF transmitter over serial rs-232 signal at 100 baud or
       200 baud depending on the requirements of the transmitter.

       The LF transmitter broadcasts the approximately 300khz radio signal
       that differential-GPS radio receivers pick up. Transmitters that are
       meant to have a higher range will need to transmit at a slower rate.
       The higher the data rate the harder it will be for the remote radio
       receiver to receive with a good signal-to-noise ration. (Higher data
       rate signals can't be averaged over as long a time frame, hence they
       appear noisier.)

   RTCM WIRE FORMATS
       An RTCM 2.x message consists of a sequence of up to 33 30-bit words.
       The 24 most significant bits of each word are data and the six least
       significant bits are parity. The parity algorithm used is the same
       ISGPS-2000 as that used on GPS satellite downlinks. Each RTCM 2.x
       message consists of two header words followed by zero or more data
       words, depending upon the message type.

       An RTCM 3.x message begins with a fixed leader byte 0xD3. That is
       followed by six bits of version information and 10 bits of payload
       length information. Following that is the payload; following the
       payload is a 3-byte checksum of the payload using the Qualcomm CRC-24Q
       algorithm.

   RTCM2 JSON FORMAT
       Each RTCM2 message is dumped as a single JSON object per message, with
       the message fields as attributes of that object. Arrays of satellite,
       station, and constellation statistics become arrays of JSON
       sub-objects. Each sentence will normally also have a "device" field
       containing the pathname of the originating device.

       All attributes other than the device field are mandatory. Header
       attributes are emitted before others.

   Header portion
       Table 17. SKY object
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |Name           | Type    | Description                                 |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |class          | string  | Fixed: "RTCM2".                             |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |type           | integer | Message type (1-9).                         |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |station_id     | integer | The id of the GPS                           |
       |               |         | reference receiver.                         |
       |               |         | The LF transmitters                         |
       |               |         | also have                                   |
       |               |         | (different) id                              |
       |               |         | numbers.                                    |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |zcount         | real    | The reference time                          |
       |               |         | of the corrections                          |
       |               |         | in the message in                           |
       |               |         | seconds within the                          |
       |               |         | current hour. Note                          |
       |               |         | that it is in GPS                           |
       |               |         | time, which is some                         |
       |               |         | seconds ahead of                            |
       |               |         | UTC (see the U.S.                           |
       |               |         | Naval Observatory's                         |
       |               |         |  table of leap                              |
       |               |         | second                                      |
       |               |         | <ftp://maia.usno.navy.mil/ser7/tai-utc.dat> |
       |               |         | corrections" ).                             |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |seqnum         | integer | Sequence number. Only 3 bits wide, wraps    |
       |               |         | after 7.                                    |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |length         | integer | The number of words after the header that   |
       |               |         | comprise the message.                       |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+
       |               |         |                                             |
       |station_health | integer | Station transmission status. Indicates the  |
       |               |         | health of the beacon as a reference source. |
       |               |         | Any nonzero value means the satellite is    |
       |               |         | probably transmitting bad data and should   |
       |               |         | not be used in a fix. 6 means the           |
       |               |         | transmission is unmonitored. 7 means the    |
       |               |         | station is not working properly. Other      |
       |               |         | values are defined by the beacon operator.  |
       +---------------+---------+---------------------------------------------+

       <message type> is one of

       1
           full corrections -- one message containing corrections for all GPS
           satellites in view. This is not common.

       3
           reference station parameters -- the position of the reference
           station GPS antenna.

       4
           datum -- the datum to which the DGPS data is referred.

       5
           constellation health -- information about the satellites the beacon
           can see.

       6
           null message -- just a filler.

       7
           radio beacon almanac -- information about this or other beacons.

       9
           subset corrections -- a message containing corrections for only a
           subset of the GPS satellites in view.

       16
           special message -- a text message from the beacon operator.

       31
           GLONASS subset corrections -- a message containing corrections for
           a set of the GLONASS satellites in view.

   Type 1 and 9: Correction data
       One or more satellite objects follow the header for type 1 or type 9
       messages. Here is the format:

       Table 18. Satellite object
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |Name  | Type    | Description         |
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |ident | integer | The PRN number of   |
       |      |         | the satellite for   |
       |      |         | which this is       |
       |      |         | correction data.    |
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |udre  | integer | User Differential   |
       |      |         | Range Error (0-3).  |
       |      |         | See the table       |
       |      |         | following for       |
       |      |         | values.             |
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |iod   | integer | Issue Of Data,      |
       |      |         | matching the IOD    |
       |      |         | for the current     |
       |      |         | ephemeris of this   |
       |      |         | satellite, as       |
       |      |         | transmitted by the  |
       |      |         | satellite. The IOD  |
       |      |         | is a unique tag     |
       |      |         | that identifies the |
       |      |         | ephemeris; the GPS  |
       |      |         | using the DGPS      |
       |      |         | correction and the  |
       |      |         | DGPS generating the |
       |      |         | data must use the   |
       |      |         | same orbital        |
       |      |         | positions for the   |
       |      |         | satellite.          |
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |prc   | real    | The pseudorange     |
       |      |         | error in meters for |
       |      |         | this satellite as   |
       |      |         | measured by the     |
       |      |         | beacon reference    |
       |      |         | receiver at the     |
       |      |         | epoch indicated by  |
       |      |         | the z_count in the  |
       |      |         | parent record.      |
       +------+---------+---------------------+
       |      |         |                     |
       |rrc   | real    | The rate of change  |
       |      |         | of pseudorange      |
       |      |         | error in meters/sec |
       |      |         | for this satellite  |
       |      |         | as measured by the  |
       |      |         | beacon reference    |
       |      |         | receiver at the     |
       |      |         | epoch indicated by  |
       |      |         | the z_count field   |
       |      |         | in the parent       |
       |      |         | record. This is     |
       |      |         | used to calculate   |
       |      |         | pseudorange errors  |
       |      |         | at other epochs, if |
       |      |         | required by the GPS |
       |      |         | receiver.           |
       +------+---------+---------------------+

       User Differential Range Error values are as follows:

       Table 19. UDRE values
       +--+----------------------+
       |  |                      |
       |0 | 1-sigma error <= 1 m |
       +--+----------------------+
       |  |                      |
       |1 | 1-sigma error <= 4 m |
       +--+----------------------+
       |  |                      |
       |2 | 1-sigma error <= 8 m |
       +--+----------------------+
       |  |                      |
       |3 | 1-sigma error > 8 m  |
       +--+----------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"RTCM2","type":1,
               "station_id":688,"zcount":843.0,"seqnum":5,"length":19,"station_health":6,
               "satellites":[
                   {"ident":10,"udre":0,"iod":46,"prc":-2.400,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":13,"udre":0,"iod":94,"prc":-4.420,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":7,"udre":0,"iod":22,"prc":-5.160,"rrc":0.002},
                   {"ident":2,"udre":0,"iod":34,"prc":-6.480,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":4,"udre":0,"iod":47,"prc":-8.860,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":8,"udre":0,"iod":76,"prc":-7.980,"rrc":0.002},
                   {"ident":5,"udre":0,"iod":99,"prc":-8.260,"rrc":0.002},
                   {"ident":23,"udre":0,"iod":81,"prc":-8.060,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":16,"udre":0,"iod":70,"prc":-11.740,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":30,"udre":0,"iod":4,"prc":-18.960,"rrc":-0.006},
                   {"ident":29,"udre":0,"iod":101,"prc":-24.960,"rrc":-0.002}
           ]}

   Type 3: Reference Station Parameters
       Here are the payload members of a type 3 (Reference Station Parameters)
       message:

       Table 20. Reference Station Parameters
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |Name | Type | Description        |
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |x    | real | ECEF X coordinate. |
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |y    | real | ECEF Y coordinate. |
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |z    | real | ECEF Z coordinate. |
       +-----+------+--------------------+

       The coordinates are the position of the station, in meters to two
       decimal places, in Earth Centred Earth Fixed coordinates. These are
       usually referred to the WGS84 reference frame, but may be referred to
       NAD83 in the US (essentially identical to WGS84 for all except
       geodesists), or some other reference frame in other parts of the world.

       An invalid reference message is represented by a type 3 header without
       payload fields.

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"RTCM2","type":3,
               "station_id":652,"zcount":1657.2,"seqnum":2,"length":4,"station_health":6,
               "x":3878620.92,"y":670281.40,"z":5002093.59
           }

   Type 4: Datum
       Here are the payload members of a type 4 (Datum) message:

       Table 21. Datum
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |Name       | Type    | Description         |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |dgnss_type | string  | Either "GPS",       |
       |           |         | "GLONASS",          |
       |           |         | "GALILEO", or       |
       |           |         | "UNKNOWN".          |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |dat        | integer | 0 or 1 and          |
       |           |         | indicates the sense |
       |           |         | of the offset shift |
       |           |         | given by dx, dy,    |
       |           |         | dz. dat = 0 means   |
       |           |         | that the station    |
       |           |         | coordinates (in the |
       |           |         | reference message)  |
       |           |         | are referred to a   |
       |           |         | local datum and     |
       |           |         | that adding dx, dy, |
       |           |         | dz to that position |
       |           |         | will render it in   |
       |           |         | GNSS coordinates    |
       |           |         | (WGS84 for GPS). If |
       |           |         | dat = 1 then the    |
       |           |         | ref station         |
       |           |         | position is in GNSS |
       |           |         | coordinates and     |
       |           |         | adding dx, dy, dz   |
       |           |         | will give it        |
       |           |         | referred to the     |
       |           |         | local datum.        |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |datum_name | string  | A standard name for |
       |           |         | the datum.          |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |dx         | real    | X offset.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |dy         | real    | Y offset.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |dz         | real    | Z offset.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+

       <dx> <dy> <dz> are offsets to convert from local datum to GNSS datum or
       vice versa. These fields are optional.

       An invalid datum message is represented by a type 4 header without
       payload fields.

   Type 5: Constellation Health
       One or more of these follow the header for type 5 messages -- one for
       each satellite.

       Here is the format:

       Table 22. Constellation health
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |Name        | Type    | Description         |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |ident       | integer | The PRN number of   |
       |            |         | the satellite.      |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |iodl        | bool    | True indicates that |
       |            |         | this information    |
       |            |         | relates to the      |
       |            |         | satellite           |
       |            |         | information in an   |
       |            |         | accompanying type 1 |
       |            |         | or type 9 message.  |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |health      | integer | 0 indicates that    |
       |            |         | the satellite is    |
       |            |         | healthy. Any other  |
       |            |         | value indicates a   |
       |            |         | problem (coding is  |
       |            |         | not known).         |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |snr         | integer | The carrier/noise   |
       |            |         | ratio of the        |
       |            |         | received signal in  |
       |            |         | the range 25 to 55  |
       |            |         | dB(Hz).             |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |health_en   | bool    | If set to True it   |
       |            |         | indicates that the  |
       |            |         | satellite is        |
       |            |         | healthy even if the |
       |            |         | satellite           |
       |            |         | navigation data     |
       |            |         | says it is          |
       |            |         | unhealthy.          |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |new_data    | bool    | True indicates that |
       |            |         | the IOD for this    |
       |            |         | satellite will soon |
       |            |         | be updated in type  |
       |            |         | 1 or 9 messages.    |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |los_warning | bool    | Line-of-sight       |
       |            |         | warning. True       |
       |            |         | indicates that the  |
       |            |         | satellite will      |
       |            |         | shortly go          |
       |            |         | unhealthy.          |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+
       |            |         |                     |
       |tou         | integer | Healthy time        |
       |            |         | remaining in        |
       |            |         | seconds.            |
       +------------+---------+---------------------+

   Type 6: Null
       This just indicates a null message. There are no payload fields.

   Unknown message
       This format is used to dump message words in hexadecimal when the
       message type field doesn't match any of the known ones.

       Here is the format:

       Table 23. Unknown Message
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |Name | Type | Description        |
       +-----+------+--------------------+
       |     |      |                    |
       |data | list | A list of strings. |
       +-----+------+--------------------+

       Each string in the array is a hex literal representing 30 bits of
       information, after parity checks and inversion. The high two bits
       should be ignored.

   Type 7: Radio Beacon Almanac
       Here is the format:

       Table 24. Constellation health
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |Name       | Type    | Description         |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |lat        | real    | Latitude in         |
       |           |         | degrees, of the LF  |
       |           |         | transmitter antenna |
       |           |         | for the station for |
       |           |         | which this is an    |
       |           |         | almanac. North is   |
       |           |         | positive.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |lon        | real    | Longitude in        |
       |           |         | degrees, of the LF  |
       |           |         | transmitter antenna |
       |           |         | for the station for |
       |           |         | which this is an    |
       |           |         | almanac. East is    |
       |           |         | positive.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |range      | integer | Published range of  |
       |           |         | the station in km.  |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |frequency  | real    | Station broadcast   |
       |           |         | frequency in kHz.   |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |health     | integer | <health> is the     |
       |           |         | health of the       |
       |           |         | station for which   |
       |           |         | this is an almanac. |
       |           |         | If it is non-zero,  |
       |           |         | the station is      |
       |           |         | issuing suspect     |
       |           |         | data and should not |
       |           |         | be used for fixes.  |
       |           |         | The ITU and RTCM104 |
       |           |         | standards differ    |
       |           |         | about the mode      |
       |           |         | detailed            |
       |           |         | interpretation of   |
       |           |         | the <health> field  |
       |           |         | and even about its  |
       |           |         | bit width.          |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |station_id | integer | The id of the       |
       |           |         | transmitter. This   |
       |           |         | is not the same as  |
       |           |         | the reference id in |
       |           |         | the header, the     |
       |           |         | latter being the id |
       |           |         | of the reference    |
       |           |         | receiver.           |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+
       |           |         |                     |
       |bitrate    | integer | The transmitted     |
       |           |         | bitrate.            |
       +-----------+---------+---------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"RTCM2","type":9,"station_id":268,"zcount":252.6,
                   "seqnum":4,"length":5,"station_health":0,
                   "satellites":[
                       {"ident":13,"udre":0,"iod":3,"prc":-25.940,"rrc":0.066},
                       {"ident":2,"udre":0,"iod":73,"prc":0.920,"rrc":-0.080},
                       {"ident":8,"udre":0,"iod":22,"prc":23.820,"rrc":0.014}
           ]}

   Type 13: GPS Time of Week
       Here are the payload members of a type 13 (Groumf Tramitter Parameters)
       message:

       Table 25. Ground Transmitter Parameters
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |Name      | Type    | Description         |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |status    | bool    | If True, signals    |
       |          |         | user to expect a    |
       |          |         | type 16 explanatory |
       |          |         | message associated  |
       |          |         | with this station.  |
       |          |         | Probably indicates  |
       |          |         | some sort of        |
       |          |         | unusual event.      |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |rangeflag | bool    | If True, indicates  |
       |          |         | that the estimated  |
       |          |         | range is different  |
       |          |         | from that found in  |
       |          |         | the type 7 message  |
       |          |         | (which contains the |
       |          |         | beacon's listed     |
       |          |         | range). Generally   |
       |          |         | indicates a range   |
       |          |         | reduction due to    |
       |          |         | causes such as poor |
       |          |         | ionospheric         |
       |          |         | conditions or       |
       |          |         | reduced             |
       |          |         | transmission power. |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |lat       | real    | Degrees latitude,   |
       |          |         | signed. Positive is |
       |          |         | N, negative is S.   |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |lon       | real    | Degrees longitude,  |
       |          |         | signed. Positive is |
       |          |         | E, negative is W.   |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+
       |          |         |                     |
       |range     | integer | Transmission range  |
       |          |         | in km (1-1024).     |
       +----------+---------+---------------------+

       This message type replaces message type 3 (Reference Station
       Parameters) in RTCM 2.3.

   Type 14: GPS Time of Week
       Here are the payload members of a type 14 (GPS Time of Week) message:

       Table 26. Reference Station Parameters
       +---------+---------+-------------------+
       |         |         |                   |
       |Name     | Type    | Description       |
       +---------+---------+-------------------+
       |         |         |                   |
       |week     | integer | GPS week (0-123). |
       +---------+---------+-------------------+
       |         |         |                   |
       |hour     | integer | Hour of week      |
       |         |         | (0-167).          |
       +---------+---------+-------------------+
       |         |         |                   |
       |leapsecs | integer | Leap Seconds      |
       |         |         | (0-63).           |
       +---------+---------+-------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"RTCM2","type":14,"station_id":652,"zcount":1657.2,
                   "seqnum":3,"length":1,"station_health":6,"week":601,"hour":109,
                   "leapsecs":15}

   Type 16: Special Message
       Table 27. Special Message
       +--------+--------+---------------------+
       |        |        |                     |
       |Name    | Type   | Description         |
       +--------+--------+---------------------+
       |        |        |                     |
       |message | string | A text message sent |
       |        |        | by the beacon       |
       |        |        | operator.           |
       +--------+--------+---------------------+

   Type 31: Correction data
       One or more GLONASS satellite objects follow the header for type 1 or
       type 9 messages. Here is the format:

       Table 28. Satellite object
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |Name   | Type     | Description         |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |ident  | integer  | The PRN number of   |
       |       |          | the satellite for   |
       |       |          | which this is       |
       |       |          | correction data.    |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |udre   | integer  | User Differential   |
       |       |          | Range Error (0-3).  |
       |       |          | See the table       |
       |       |          | following for       |
       |       |          | values.             |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |change | boolean  | Change-of-ephemeris |
       |       |          | bit.                |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |tod    | uinteger | Count of 30-second  |
       |       |          | periods since the   |
       |       |          | top of the hour.    |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |prc    | real     | The pseudorange     |
       |       |          | error in meters for |
       |       |          | this satellite as   |
       |       |          | measured by the     |
       |       |          | beacon reference    |
       |       |          | receiver at the     |
       |       |          | epoch indicated by  |
       |       |          | the z_count in the  |
       |       |          | parent record.      |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+
       |       |          |                     |
       |rrc    | real     | The rate of change  |
       |       |          | of pseudorange      |
       |       |          | error in meters/sec |
       |       |          | for this satellite  |
       |       |          | as measured by the  |
       |       |          | beacon reference    |
       |       |          | receiver at the     |
       |       |          | epoch indicated by  |
       |       |          | the z_count field   |
       |       |          | in the parent       |
       |       |          | record. This is     |
       |       |          | used to calculate   |
       |       |          | pseudorange errors  |
       |       |          | at other epochs, if |
       |       |          | required by the GPS |
       |       |          | receiver.           |
       +-------+----------+---------------------+

       Here's an example:

           {"class":"RTCM2","type":31,"station_id":652,"zcount":1642.2,
               "seqnum":0,"length":14,"station_health":6,
               "satellites":[
                   {"ident":5,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":132.360,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":15,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":134.840,"rrc":0.002},
                   {"ident":14,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":141.520,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":6,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":127.000,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":21,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":128.780,"rrc":0.000},
                   {"ident":22,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":125.260,"rrc":0.002},
                   {"ident":20,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":0,"prc":117.280,"rrc":-0.004},
                   {"ident":16,"udre":0,"change":false,"tod":17,"prc":113.460,"rrc":0.018}
           ]}


RTCM3 DUMP FORMAT

       The support for RTCM104v3 dumping is incomplete and buggy. Do not
       attempt to use it for production! Anyone interested in it should read
       the source code.


AIS DUMP FORMATS

       AIS support is an extension. It may not be present if your instance of
       gpsd has been built with a restricted feature set.

       AIS packets are dumped as JSON objects with class "AIS". Each AIS
       report object contains a "type" field giving the AIS message type and a
       "scaled" field telling whether the remainder of the fields are dumped
       in scaled or unscaled form. (These will be emitted before any
       type-specific fields.) It will also contain a "device" field naming the
       data source. Other fields have names and types as specified in the
       AIVDM/AIVDO Protocol Decoding document on the GPSD project website;
       each message field table may be directly interpreted as a specification
       for the members of the corresponding JSON object type.

       By default, certain scaling and conversion operations are performed for
       JSON output. Latitudes and longitudes are scaled to decimal degrees
       rather than the native AIS unit of 1/10000th of a minute of arc. Ship
       (but not air) speeds are scaled to knots rather than tenth-of-knot
       units. Rate of turn may appear as "nan" if is unavailable, or as one of
       the strings "fastright" or "fastleft" if it is out of the AIS encoding
       range; otherwise it is quadratically mapped back to the turn sensor
       number in degrees per minute. Vessel draughts are converted to decimal
       meters rather than native AIS decimeters. Various other scaling
       conversions are described in "AIVDM/AIVDO Protocol Decoding".


SUBFRAME DUMP FORMATS

       Subframe support is always compiled into gpsd but many GPSes do not
       output subframe data or the gpsd driver may not support subframes.

       Subframe packets are dumped as JSON objects with class "SUBFRAME". Each
       subframe report object contains a "frame" field giving the subframe
       number, a "tSV" field for the transmitting satellite number, a "TOW17"
       field containing the 17 MSBs of the start of the next 12-second message
       and a "scaled" field telling whether the remainder of the fields are
       dumped in scaled or unscaled form. It will also contain a "device"
       field naming the data source. Each SUBFRAME object will have a
       sub-object specific to that subframe page type. Those sub-object fields
       have names and types similar to those specified in the IS-GPS-200
       document; each message field table may be directly interpreted as a
       specification for the members of the corresponding JSON object type.

       Table 29. SUBFRAME object
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |Name   | Always? | Type    | Description      |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |class  | Yes     | string  | Fixed:           |
       |       |         |         | "SUBFRAME"       |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |device | Yes     | string  | Name of the      |
       |       |         |         | originating      |
       |       |         |         | device.          |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |gnssId | Yes     | integer | Constellation of |
       |       |         |         | transmitting     |
       |       |         |         | satellite        |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |tSV    | Yes     | integer | ID of            |
       |       |         |         | transmitting     |
       |       |         |         | satellite (Not   |
       |       |         |         | PRN)             |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |TOW17  | No      | integer | Type 17 bits of  |
       |       |         |         | the next GPS     |
       |       |         |         | Time Of Week     |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |frame  | No      | integer | Frame number     |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+
       |       |         |         |                  |
       |scaled | Yes     | boolean | True is values   |
       |       |         |         | scaled           |
       +-------+---------+---------+------------------+


READING

       Reading the raw JSON can be tedious. You can pretty print, and
       colorize, your JSON with [jq] to make reading easier. Using jq ito
       pretty pring a JSON file can be as simple as:

           $ jq . GPSD.json

       To grab 10 seconds of live gpsd JSON, and pretty print it:

           $ gpspipe -w -x 10 | jq .

       If you only want to see the TPV messages:

           $ gpspipe -w -x 10 | fgrep TPV | jq .


SEE ALSO

       gpsd(8), libgps(3), libgpsmm(3), jq(1)


RESOURCES

       Project web site: https://gpsd.io/

        [RFC 2783]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2783
       Pulse-Per-Second API for UNIX-like Operating Systems

        [RFC 7159]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7159
       The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format

        [jq]: https://github.com/stedolan/jq


COPYING

       This file is Copyright 2013 by the GPSD project
       SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-clause


AUTHOR

       Eric S. Raymond



GPSD, Version 3.25                2023-01-10                      gpsd_json(5)

gpsd 3.25 - Generated Thu Feb 2 15:28:14 CST 2023
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