users(5) FreeRADIUS user authorization file users(5)
NAME
users - user authorization file for the FreeRADIUS server
DESCRIPTION
The users file resides in the RADIUS database directory, by default
/etc/raddb. It contains a series of configuration directives which are
used by the files module to decide how to authorize and authenticate
each user request.
Every line starting with a hash sign ('#') is treated as comment and
ignored.
Each entry of the file begins with a username, followed by a (possibly
empty) list of check items, all on one line. The next line begins with
a tab, and a (possibly empty) list of reply items. Each item in the
check or reply item list is an attribute of the form name = value.
Multiple items may be placed on one line, in which case they must be
seperated by commas. The reply items may be specified over multiple
lines, in which case each line must end with a comma, and the last line
of the reply items must not end with a comma.
The check items are a list of attributes used to match the incoming
request. If the username matches, AND all of the check items match the
incoming request, then the reply items are added to the list of
attributes which will be used in the reply to that request. This
process is repeated for all of the entries in the users file.
If the incoming request matches NO entry, then the request is rejected.
CAVEATS
The special username DEFAULT matches any usernames.
The entries are processed in order, from the top of the users file, on
down. If an entry contains the special item Fall-Through = No as a
reply attribute, then the processing of the file stops, and no more
entries are matched. Any reply item list without any Fall-Through
attribute is treated as though it included a Fall-Through = No
attribute.
If an entry contains the special item Fall-Through = Yes as a reply
attribute, then the processing proceeds to the next entry in order.
Care should be taken when using Fall-Through. The server should be
tested in debugging mode with a number of test requests, in order to
verify that the configured entries behave as expected.
The special attribute Auth-Type is used to identify the authentication
type to be used for that user. See the dictionary file for a list of
permitted values for the Auth-Type attribute.
Once the users file has been processed, the request is authenticated,
using the method given by Auth-Type.
OPERATORS
Additional operators other than = may be used for the attributes in
either the check item, or reply item list. The following is a list of
operators, and their meaning.
Attribute = Value
Not allowed as a check item for RADIUS protocol attributes. It is
allowed for server configuration attributes (Auth-Type, etc), and
sets the value of on attribute, only if there is no other item of
the same attribute.
As a reply item, it means "add the item to the reply list, but
only if there is no other item of the same attribute."
Attribute := Value
Always matches as a check item, and replaces in the configuration
items any attribute of the same name. If no attribute of that
name appears in the request, then this attribute is added.
As a reply item, it has an identical meaning, but for the reply
items, instead of the request items.
Attribute == Value
As a check item, it matches if the named attribute is present in
the request, AND has the given value.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute += Value
Always matches as a check item, and adds the current attribute
with value to the list of configuration items.
As a reply item, it has an identical meaning, but the attribute is
added to the reply items.
Attribute != Value
As a check item, matches if the given attribute is in the request,
AND does not have the given value.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute > Value
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
with a value greater than the one given.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute >= Value
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
with a value greater than, or equal to the one given.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute < Value
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
with a value less than the one given.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute <= Value
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
with a value less than, or equal to the one given.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute =~ Expression
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
which matches the given regular expression. This operator may
only be applied to string attributes.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute !~ Expression
As a check item, it matches if the request contains an attribute
which does not match the given regular expression. This operator
may only be applied to string attributes.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute =* Value
As a check item, it matches if the request contains the named
attribute, no matter what the value is.
Not allowed as a reply item.
Attribute !* Value
As a check item, it matches if the request does not contain the
named attribute, no matter what the value is.
Not allowed as a reply item.
EXAMPLES
bob User-Password == "hello"
Requests containing the User-Name attribute, with value "bob",
will be authenticated using the password "bob". There are no
reply items, so the reply will be empty.
DEFAULT Auth-Type = System
Fall-Through = Yes
For all users reaching this entry, perform authentication
against the system, unless Auth-Type has already been set.
Also, process any following entries which may match.
DEFAULT Service-Type == Framed-User, Framed-Protocol == PPP
Service-Type = Framed-User,
Framed-Protocol = PPP,
Fall-Through = Yes
If the request packet contains the attributes Service-Type and
Framed-Protocol, with the given values, then include those
attributes in the reply.
That is, give the user what they ask for. This entry also shows
how to specify multiple reply items.
See the users file supplied with the server for more examples and com-
ments.
HINTS
Run the server in debugging mode (-X), and use the radclient program to
send it test packets which you think will match specific entries. The
server will print out which entries were matched for that request, so
you can verify your expectations. This should be the FIRST thing you
do if you suspect problems with the file.
Care should be taken when writing entries for the users file. It is
easy to misconfigure the server so that requests are accepted when you
wish to reject them. The entries should be ordered, and the Fall-
Through item should be used ONLY where it is required.
Entries rejecting certain requests should go at the top of the file,
and should not have a Fall-Through item in their reply items. Entries
for specific users, who do not have a Fall-Through item, should come
next. Any DEFAULT entries should usually come last, except as fall-
through entries that set reply attributes.
FILES
/etc/raddb/users
SEE ALSO
radclient(1), radiusd(8), dictionary(5), naslist(5)
AUTHOR
The FreeRADIUS team.
04 Jan 2004 users(5)
Mac OS X 10.6Server - Generated Thu Apr 15 07:12:23 CDT 2010