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kdb5_util(8)                     MIT Kerberos                     kdb5_util(8)




NAME

       kdb5_util - Kerberos database maintenance utility


SYNOPSIS

       kdb5_util  [-r realm] [-d dbname] [-k mkeytype] [-kv mkeyVNO] [-M mkey-
       name] [-m] [-sf stashfilename] [-P password] [-x db_args] command [com-
       mand_options]


DESCRIPTION

       kdb5_util  allows an administrator to perform maintenance procedures on
       the KDC database.  Databases can be created, destroyed, and  dumped  to
       or loaded from ASCII files.  kdb5_util can create a Kerberos master key
       stash file or perform live rollover of the master key.

       When kdb5_util is run, it attempts to acquire the master key  and  open
       the  database.   However,  execution continues regardless of whether or
       not kdb5_util successfully opens the database, because the database may
       not exist yet or the stash file may be corrupt.

       Note  that some KDC database modules may not support all kdb5_util com-
       mands.


COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

       -r realm
              specifies the Kerberos realm of the database.

       -d dbname
              specifies the name under which the principal database is stored;
              by  default  the  database  is  that listed in kdc.conf(5).  The
              password policy database and lock files are  also  derived  from
              this value.

       -k mkeytype
              specifies  the  key type of the master key in the database.  The
              default is given by the master_key_type variable in kdc.conf(5).

       -kv mkeyVNO
              Specifies  the version number of the master key in the database;
              the default is 1.  Note that 0 is not allowed.

       -M mkeyname
              principal name for the master key in the database.  If not spec-
              ified, the name is determined by the master_key_name variable in
              kdc.conf(5).

       -m     specifies that the master database password should be read  from
              the keyboard rather than fetched from a file on disk.

       -sf stash_file
              specifies  the  stash  filename of the master database password.
              If  not  specified,  the   filename   is   determined   by   the
              key_stash_file variable in kdc.conf(5).

       -P password
              specifies  the  master database password.  Using this option may
              expose the password to other users on the system via the process
              list.

       -x db_args
              specifies  database-specific  options.   See  kadmin(1) for sup-
              ported options.


COMMANDS

   create
          create [-s]

       Creates a new database.  If the -s option is specified, the stash  file
       is  also  created.   This command fails if the database already exists.
       If the command is successful, the database is opened just as if it  had
       already existed when the program was first run.

   destroy
          destroy [-f]

       Destroys  the  database,  first  overwriting  the disk sectors and then
       unlinking the files, after prompting the user for  confirmation.   With
       the -f argument, does not prompt the user.

   stash
          stash [-f keyfile]

       Stores  the  master  principal's keys in a stash file.  The -f argument
       can be used to override the keyfile specified in kdc.conf(5).

   dump
          dump  [-b7|-r13|-r18]  [-verbose]  [-mkey_convert]   [-new_mkey_file
          mkey_file] [-rev] [-recurse] [filename [principals...]]

       Dumps  the  current Kerberos and KADM5 database into an ASCII file.  By
       default, the database is dumped in current format, "kdb5_util load_dump
       version  7".   If  filename is not specified, or is the string "-", the
       dump is sent to standard output.  Options:

       -b7    causes  the  dump  to  be  in  the  Kerberos  5  Beta  7  format
              ("kdb5_util  load_dump  version  4").   This was the dump format
              produced on releases prior to 1.2.2.

       -r13   causes the dump to be in the Kerberos 5 1.3  format  ("kdb5_util
              load_dump  version  5").   This  was the dump format produced on
              releases prior to 1.8.

       -r18   causes the dump to be in the Kerberos 5 1.8  format  ("kdb5_util
              load_dump  version  6").   This  was the dump format produced on
              releases prior to 1.11.

       -verbose
              causes the name of each principal and policy to be printed as it
              is dumped.

       -mkey_convert
              prompts  for a new master key.  This new master key will be used
              to re-encrypt principal key data in the dumpfile.  The principal
              keys themselves will not be changed.

       -new_mkey_file mkey_file
              the filename of a stash file.  The master key in this stash file
              will be used to re-encrypt the key data in  the  dumpfile.   The
              key data in the database will not be changed.

       -rev   dumps in reverse order.  This may recover principals that do not
              dump normally, in cases where database corruption has  occurred.

       -recurse
              causes  the  dump to walk the database recursively (btree only).
              This may recover principals that do not dump normally, in  cases
              where  database  corruption has occurred.  In cases of such cor-
              ruption, this option will probably retrieve more principals than
              the -rev option will.

              Changed in version 1.15: Release 1.15 restored the functionality
              of the -recurse option.


              Changed in version 1.5: The -recurse option ceased working until
              release 1.15, doing a normal dump instead of a recursive traver-
              sal.


   load
          load [-b7|-r13|-r18] [-hash] [-verbose] [-update] filename

       Loads a database dump from the named file into the named database.   If
       no option is given to determine the format of the dump file, the format
       is detected automatically  and  handled  as  appropriate.   Unless  the
       -update  option  is  given, load creates a new database containing only
       the data in the dump file, overwriting the contents of  any  previously
       existing  database.  Note that when using the LDAP KDC database module,
       the -update flag is required.

       Options:

       -b7    requires the database to be in the  Kerberos  5  Beta  7  format
              ("kdb5_util  load_dump  version  4").   This was the dump format
              produced on releases prior to 1.2.2.

       -r13   requires the database to be in Kerberos 5 1.3 format ("kdb5_util
              load_dump  version  5").   This  was the dump format produced on
              releases prior to 1.8.

       -r18   requires the database to be in Kerberos 5 1.8 format ("kdb5_util
              load_dump  version  6").   This  was the dump format produced on
              releases prior to 1.11.

       -hash  stores the database in hash format, if using  the  DB2  database
              type.   If  this  option  is not specified, the database will be
              stored in btree format.  This  option  is  not  recommended,  as
              databases  stored  in  hash format are known to corrupt data and
              lose principals.

       -verbose
              causes the name of each principal and policy to be printed as it
              is dumped.

       -update
              records from the dump file are added to or updated in the exist-
              ing database.  Otherwise, a new database is  created  containing
              only  what  is  in  the dump file and the old one destroyed upon
              successful completion.

   ark
          ark [-e enc:salt,...] principal

       Adds new random keys to principal at the  next  available  key  version
       number.   Keys  for the current highest key version number will be pre-
       served.  The -e option specifies the list of encryption and salt  types
       to be used for the new keys.

   add_mkey
          add_mkey [-e etype] [-s]

       Adds a new master key to the master key principal, but does not mark it
       as active.  Existing master keys will remain.  The -e option  specifies
       the  encryption  type  of  the  new master key; see Encryption_types in
       kdc.conf(5) for a list of possible values.  The -s option  stashes  the
       new  master  key in the stash file, which will be created if it doesn't
       already exist.

       After a new master key is added, it should  be  propagated  to  replica
       servers  via  a  manual  or periodic invocation of kprop(8).  Then, the
       stash files on the replica servers should be updated with the kdb5_util
       stash  command.   Once those steps are complete, the key is ready to be
       marked active with the kdb5_util use_mkey command.

   use_mkey
          use_mkey mkeyVNO [time]

       Sets the activation time of the master key specified by mkeyVNO.   Once
       a  master  key becomes active, it will be used to encrypt newly created
       principal keys.  If no time argument is  given,  the  current  time  is
       used, causing the specified master key version to become active immedi-
       ately.  The format for time is getdate string.

       After   a   new   master   key   becomes    active,    the    kdb5_util
       update_princ_encryption  command  can  be  used to update all principal
       keys to be encrypted in the new master key.

   list_mkeys
          list_mkeys

       List all master keys, from most recent to earliest, in the  master  key
       principal.   The  output will show the kvno, enctype, and salt type for
       each mkey, similar to the output of kadmin(1) getprinc.  A *  following
       an mkey denotes the currently active master key.

   purge_mkeys
          purge_mkeys [-f] [-n] [-v]

       Delete  master  keys from the master key principal that are not used to
       protect any principals.  This command can be used to remove old  master
       keys all principal keys are protected by a newer master key.

       -f     does not prompt for confirmation.

       -n     performs  a  dry  run, showing master keys that would be purged,
              but not actually purging any keys.

       -v     gives more verbose output.

   update_princ_encryption
          update_princ_encryption [-f] [-n] [-v] [princ-pattern]

       Update all principal records (or only those matching the  princ-pattern
       glob pattern) to re-encrypt the key data using the active database mas-
       ter key, if they are encrypted using a different version,  and  give  a
       count at the end of the number of principals updated.  If the -f option
       is not given, ask for confirmation before  starting  to  make  changes.
       The  -v  option  causes  each principal processed to be listed, with an
       indication as to whether it needed updating or not.  The -n option per-
       forms  a dry run, only showing the actions which would have been taken.

   tabdump
          tabdump [-H] [-c] [-e] [-n] [-o outfile] dumptype

       Dump selected fields of the database in a tabular format  suitable  for
       reporting  (e.g.,  using  traditional  Unix  text  processing tools) or
       importing into relational databases.  The data format is  tab-separated
       (default),  or optionally comma-separated (CSV), with a fixed number of
       columns.  The output begins with a header line containing field  names,
       unless suppression is requested using the -H option.

       The  dumptype  parameter  specifies  the  name  of an output table (see
       below).

       Options:

       -H     suppress writing the field names in a header line

       -c     use comma separated values (CSV) format, with  minimal  quoting,
              instead  of the default tab-separated (unquoted, unescaped) for-
              mat

       -e     write empty hexadecimal string fields as empty fields instead of
              as "-1".

       -n     produce  numeric  output  for fields that normally have symbolic
              output, such as enctypes and flag names.  Also  requests  output
              of time stamps as decimal POSIX time_t values.

       -o outfile
              write  the dump to the specified output file instead of to stan-
              dard output

       Dump types:

       keydata
              principal encryption key information, including actual key  data
              (which is still encrypted in the master key)

              name   principal name

              keyindex
                     index of this key in the principal's key list

              kvno   key version number

              enctype
                     encryption type

              key    key data as a hexadecimal string

              salttype
                     salt type

              salt   salt data as a hexadecimal string

       keyinfo
              principal  encryption  key  information  (as  in keydata above),
              excluding actual key data

       princ_flags
              principal boolean attributes.  Flag names print  as  hexadecimal
              numbers  if  the  -n option is specified, and all flag positions
              are printed regardless of whether or not they are set.  If -n is
              not  specified,  print  all known flag names for each principal,
              but only print hexadecimal flag names if the corresponding  flag
              is set.

              name   principal name

              flag   flag name

              value  boolean value (0 for clear, or 1 for set)

       princ_lockout
              state information used for tracking repeated password failures

              name   principal name

              last_success
                     time stamp of most recent successful authentication

              last_failed
                     time stamp of most recent failed authentication

              fail_count
                     count of failed attempts

       princ_meta
              principal metadata

              name   principal name

              modby  name of last principal to modify this principal

              modtime
                     timestamp of last modification

              lastpwd
                     timestamp of last password change

              policy policy object name

              mkvno  key  version  number of the master key that encrypts this
                     principal's key data

              hist_kvno
                     key version number of the history key that  encrypts  the
                     key history data for this principal

       princ_stringattrs
              string attributes (key/value pairs)

              name   principal name

              key    attribute name

              value  attribute value

       princ_tktpolicy
              per-principal ticket policy data, including maximum ticket life-
              times

              name   principal name

              expiration
                     principal expiration date

              pw_expiration
                     password expiration date

              max_life
                     maximum ticket lifetime

              max_renew_life
                     maximum renewable ticket lifetime

       Examples:

          $ kdb5_util tabdump -o keyinfo.txt keyinfo
          $ cat keyinfo.txt
          name        keyindex        kvno    enctype salttype        salt
          K/M@EXAMPLE.COM     0       1       aes256-cts-hmac-sha384-192      normal  -1
          foo@EXAMPLE.COM     0       1       aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96 normal  -1
          bar@EXAMPLE.COM     0       1       aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96 normal  -1
          $ sqlite3
          sqlite> .mode tabs
          sqlite> .import keyinfo.txt keyinfo
          sqlite> select * from keyinfo where enctype like 'aes256-%';
          K/M@EXAMPLE.COM     1       1       aes256-cts-hmac-sha384-192      normal  -1
          sqlite> .quit
          $ awk -F'\t' '$4 ~ /aes256-/ { print }' keyinfo.txt
          K/M@EXAMPLE.COM     1       1       aes256-cts-hmac-sha384-192      normal  -1


ENVIRONMENT

       See kerberos(7) for a description of Kerberos environment variables.


SEE ALSO

       kadmin(1), kerberos(7)


AUTHOR

       MIT


COPYRIGHT

       1985-2019, MIT



1.18                                                              kdb5_util(8)

kerberos 1.18 - Generated Sat Feb 15 08:23:54 CST 2020
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