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6. Entering and Exiting Emacs
The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command
emacs
. Emacs clears the screen, then displays an initial
help message and copyright notice. Some operating systems discard
your type-ahead when Emacs starts up; they give Emacs no way to
prevent this. On those systems, wait for Emacs to clear the screen
before you start typing.
From a shell window under the X Window System, run Emacs in the
background with emacs&
. This way, Emacs won't tie up the
shell window, so you can use it to run other shell commands while
Emacs is running. You can type Emacs commands as soon as you direct
your keyboard input to an Emacs frame.
When Emacs starts up, it creates a buffer named ‘*scratch*’.
That's the buffer you start out in. The ‘*scratch*’ buffer uses
Lisp Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and
evaluate them. You can also ignore that capability and just write notes
there. You can specify a different major mode for this buffer by
setting the variable initial-major-mode
in your init file.
See section The Init File, ‘~/.emacs’.
It is possible to specify files to be visited, Lisp files to be loaded, and functions to be called through Emacs command-line arguments. See section Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation. The feature exists mainly for compatibility with other editors, and for scripts.
Many editors are designed to edit one file. When done with that file, you exit the editor. The next time you want to edit a file, you must start the editor again. Working this way, it is convenient to use a command-line argument to say which file to edit.
However, killing Emacs after editing one each and starting it afresh for the next file is both unnecessary and harmful, since it denies you the full power of Emacs. Emacs can visit more than one file in a single editing session, and that is the right way to use it. Exiting the Emacs session loses valuable accumulated context, such as the kill ring, registers, undo history, and mark ring. These features are useful for operating on multiple files, or even continuing to edit one file. If you kill Emacs after each file, you don't take advantage of them.
The recommended way to use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs session. Each time you edit a file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually has many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not kill Emacs until you are about to log out. See section File Handling, for more information on visiting more than one file.
To edit a file from another program while Emacs is running, you can
use the emacsclient
helper program to open a file in the
already running Emacs. See section Using Emacs as a Server.
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