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Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
- History of awk and gawk
- 0.1 A Rose by Any Other Name
- 0.2 Using This Book
- 0.3 Typographical Conventions
- The GNU Project and This Book
- How to Contribute
- Acknowledgments
1. Getting Started with awk
- 1.1 How to Run awk Programs
- 1.2 Data Files for the Examples
- 1.3 Some Simple Examples
- 1.4 An Example with Two Rules
- 1.5 A More Complex Example
- 1.6 awk Statements Versus Lines
- 1.7 Other Features of awk
- 1.8 When to Use awk
2. Running awk and gawk
- 2.1 Invoking awk
- 2.2 Command-Line Options
- 2.3 Other Command-Line Arguments
- 2.4 Naming Standard Input
- 2.5 The Environment Variables gawk Uses
  - 2.5.1 The AWKPATH Environment Variable
  - 2.5.2 Other Environment Variables
- 2.6 gawk’s Exit Status
- 2.7 Including Other Files Into Your Program
- 2.8 Obsolete Options and/or Features
- 2.9 Undocumented Options and Features
3. Regular Expressions
- 3.1 How to Use Regular Expressions
- 3.2 Escape Sequences
- 3.3 Regular Expression Operators
- 3.4 Using Bracket Expressions
- 3.5 gawk-Specific Regexp Operators
- 3.6 Case Sensitivity in Matching
- 3.7 How Much Text Matches?
- 3.8 Using Dynamic Regexps
4. Reading Input Files
- 4.1 How Input Is Split into Records
- 4.2 Examining Fields
- 4.3 Nonconstant Field Numbers
- 4.4 Changing the Contents of a Field
- 4.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated
- 4.6 Reading Fixed-Width Data
- 4.7 Defining Fields By Content
- 4.8 Multiple-Line Records
- 4.9 Explicit Input with getline
- 4.10 Directories On The Command Line
5. Printing Output
- 5.1 The print Statement
- 5.2 print Statement Examples
- 5.3 Output Separators
- 5.4 Controlling Numeric Output with print
- 5.5 Using printf Statements for Fancier Printing
- 5.6 Redirecting Output of print and printf
- 5.7 Special File Names in gawk
- 5.8 Closing Input and Output Redirections
6. Expressions
- 6.1 Constants, Variables and Conversions
- 6.2 Operators: Doing Something With Values
- 6.3 Truth Values and Conditions
- 6.4 Function Calls
- 6.5 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest)
- 6.6 Where You Are Makes A Difference
7. Patterns, Actions, and Variables
- 7.1 Pattern Elements
- 7.2 Using Shell Variables in Programs
- 7.3 Actions
- 7.4 Control Statements in Actions
- 7.5 Built-in Variables
8. Arrays in awk
- 8.1 The Basics of Arrays
- 8.2 The delete Statement
- 8.3 Using Numbers to Subscript Arrays
- 8.4 Using Uninitialized Variables as Subscripts
- 8.5 Multidimensional Arrays
  - 8.5.1 Scanning Multidimensional Arrays
- 8.6 Arrays of Arrays
9. Functions
- 9.1 Built-in Functions
- 9.2 User-Defined Functions
- 9.3 Indirect Function Calls
10. Internationalization with gawk
- 10.1 Internationalization and Localization
- 10.2 GNU gettext
- 10.3 Internationalizing awk Programs
- 10.4 Translating awk Programs
- 10.5 A Simple Internationalization Example
- 10.6 gawk Can Speak Your Language
11. Advanced Features of gawk
- 11.1 Allowing Nondecimal Input Data
- 11.2 Controlling Array Traversal and Array Sorting
  - 11.2.1 Controlling Array Traversal
    - 11.2.1.1 Array Scanning Using A User-defined Function
    - 11.2.1.2 Controlling Array Scanning Order
  - 11.2.2 Sorting Array Values and Indices with gawk
- 11.3 Two-Way Communications with Another Process
- 11.4 Using gawk for Network Programming
- 11.5 Profiling Your awk Programs
12. A Library of awk Functions
- 12.1 Naming Library Function Global Variables
- 12.2 General Programming
- 12.3 Data File Management
- 12.4 Processing Command-Line Options
- 12.5 Reading the User Database
- 12.6 Reading the Group Database
- 12.7 Traversing Arrays of Arrays
13. Practical awk Programs
- 13.1 Running the Example Programs
- 13.2 Reinventing Wheels for Fun and Profit
- 13.3 A Grab Bag of awk Programs
14. dgawk: The awk Debugger
- 14.1 Introduction to dgawk
- 14.2 Sample dgawk session
  - 14.2.1 dgawk Invocation
  - 14.2.2 Finding The Bug
- 14.3 Main dgawk Commands
- 14.4 Readline Support
- 14.5 Limitations and Future Plans
A. The Evolution of the awk Language
- A.1 Major Changes Between V7 and SVR3.1
- A.2 Changes Between SVR3.1 and SVR4
- A.3 Changes Between SVR4 and POSIX awk
- A.4 Extensions in Brian Kernighan’s awk
- A.5 Extensions in gawk Not in POSIX awk
- A.6 Common Extensions Summary
- A.7 Regexp Ranges and Locales: A Long Sad Story
- A.8 Major Contributors to gawk
B. Installing gawk
- B.1 The gawk Distribution
- B.2 Compiling and Installing gawk on Unix-like Systems
- B.3 Installation on Other Operating Systems
  - B.3.1 Installation on PC Operating Systems
  - B.3.2 How to Compile and Install gawk on VMS
- B.4 Reporting Problems and Bugs
- B.5 Other Freely Available awk Implementations
C. Implementation Notes
- C.1 Downward Compatibility and Debugging
- C.2 Making Additions to gawk
- C.3 Adding New Built-in Functions to gawk
- C.4 Probable Future Extensions
D. Basic Programming Concepts
- D.1 What a Program Does
- D.2 Data Values in a Computer
- D.3 Floating-Point Number Caveats
Glossary
GNU General Public License
GNU Free Documentation License
- ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
Index

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