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16.5.12 Rust
------------

RPMs
     rust, rust-cargo

Ubuntu packages
     rustc, cargo

File extension
     ‘rs’

String syntax
     ‘"abc"’, ‘r"abc"’, ‘r#"abc"#’ etc.

gettext shorthand
     --

gettext/ngettext functions
     ‘gettext’, ‘ngettext’

textdomain
     ‘textdomain’ function

bindtextdomain
     ‘bindtextdomain’ function

setlocale
     ‘setlocale’ function

Prerequisite
     ‘$ cargo add gettext-rs’

     ‘use gettextrs::*;’

     Note: We recommend the ‘gettext-rs’ crate.  We do not recommend the
     ‘gettext’ crate, because (as of 2025) it does not handle catalog
     fallback (e.g.  from ‘de_AT’ to ‘de’) nor the ‘LANGUAGE’
     environment variable.

Use or emulate GNU gettext
     use

Extractor
     ‘xgettext’

Formatting with positions
     There are three common ways of doing string formatting in Rust:
        • Using the built-ins ‘format!’, ‘println!’, etc.  This facility
          supports only constant strings, known at compile-time.  Thus
          it cannot be used with translated format strings.  You would
          get an error such as "error: format argument must be a string
          literal".
        • Using the ‘strfmt’ library.  The facility cannot be
          recommended, because it does not support the case where some
          of the values are strings and some of the values are numbers
          (without an excessive amount of contortions).
        • Using the ‘formatx’ library.  This is the one we recommend.

     So, you have to convert the ‘format!’, ‘println!’, etc.
     invocations to use ‘formatx’.  For example,
          println!("Hello {}, you got {} coins.", name, left);
     becomes
          println!("{}", formatx!(gettext("Hello {}, you got {} coins."),
                                  name, left)
                         .unwrap());

     For swapped positions, a translator may translate ‘"Hello {}, you
     got {} coins."’ with ‘"Hello, {1} coins are left for you, {0}."’

Portability
     fully portable

po-mode marking
     --

   An example is available in the ‘examples’ directory: ‘hello-rust’.