Composited Windows

Normally, the windowing system takes care of rendering the contents of a child window onto its parent window. This mechanism can be intercepted by calling gdk_window_set_composited() on the child window. For a composited window it is the responsibility of the application to render the window contents at the right spot.

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#include <gtk/gtk.h>
/* The expose event handler for the event box.
 *
 * This function simply draws a transparency onto a widget on the area
 * for which it receives expose events.  This is intended to give the
 * event box a "transparent" background.
 *
 * In order for this to work properly, the widget must have an RGBA
 * colourmap.  The widget should also be set as app-paintable since it
 * doesn't make sense for GTK+ to draw a background if we are drawing it
 * (and because GTK+ might actually replace our transparency with its
 * default background colour).
 */
static gboolean
transparent_expose (GtkWidget      *widget,
                    GdkEventExpose *event)
{
  cairo_t *cr;
  cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);
  cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_CLEAR);
  gdk_cairo_region (cr, event->region);
  cairo_fill (cr);
  cairo_destroy (cr);
  return FALSE;
}
/* The expose event handler for the window.
 *
 * This function performs the actual compositing of the event box onto
 * the already-existing background of the window at 50% normal opacity.
 *
 * In this case we do not want app-paintable to be set on the widget
 * since we want it to draw its own (red) background. Because of this,
 * however, we must ensure that we use g_signal_connect_after so that
 * this handler is called after the red has been drawn. If it was
 * called before then GTK would just blindly paint over our work.
 *
 * Note: if the child window has children, then you need a cairo 1.6
 * feature to make this work correctly.
 */
static gboolean
window_expose_event (GtkWidget      *widget,
                     GdkEventExpose *event)
{
  GdkRegion *region;
  GtkWidget *child;
  cairo_t *cr;
  /* get our child (in this case, the event box) */
  child = gtk_bin_get_child (GTK_BIN (widget));
  /* create a cairo context to draw to the window */
  cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);
  /* the source data is the (composited) event box */
  gdk_cairo_set_source_pixmap (cr, child->window,
                               child->allocation.x,
                               child->allocation.y);
  /* draw no more than our expose event intersects our child */
  region = gdk_region_rectangle (&child->allocation);
  gdk_region_intersect (region, event->region);
  gdk_cairo_region (cr, region);
  cairo_clip (cr);
  /* composite, with a 50% opacity */
  cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER);
  cairo_paint_with_alpha (cr, 0.5);
  /* we're done */
  cairo_destroy (cr);
  return FALSE;
}
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  GtkWidget *window, *event, *button;
  GdkScreen *screen;
  GdkColormap *rgba;
  GdkColor red;
  gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
  /* Make the widgets */
  button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("A Button");
  event = gtk_event_box_new ();
  window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  /* Put a red background on the window */
  gdk_color_parse ("red", &red);
  gtk_widget_modify_bg (window, GTK_STATE_NORMAL, &red);
  /* Set the colourmap for the event box.
   * Must be done before the event box is realised.
   */
  screen = gtk_widget_get_screen (event);
  rgba = gdk_screen_get_rgba_colormap (screen);
  gtk_widget_set_colormap (event, rgba);
  /* Set our event box to have a fully-transparent background
   * drawn on it. Currently there is no way to simply tell GTK+
   * that "transparency" is the background colour for a widget.
   */
  gtk_widget_set_app_paintable (GTK_WIDGET (event), TRUE);
  g_signal_connect (event, "expose-event",
                    G_CALLBACK (transparent_expose), NULL);
  /* Put them inside one another */
  gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), event);
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (event), button);
  /* Realise and show everything */
  gtk_widget_show_all (window);
  /* Set the event box GdkWindow to be composited.
   * Obviously must be performed after event box is realised.
   */
  gdk_window_set_composited (event->window, TRUE);
  /* Set up the compositing handler.
   * Note that we do _after_ so that the normal (red) background is drawn
   * by gtk before our compositing occurs.
   */
  g_signal_connect_after (window, "expose-event",
                          G_CALLBACK (window_expose_event), NULL);
  gtk_main ();
  return 0;
}

In the example Example 7, “Composited windows”, a button is placed inside of an event box inside of a window. The event box is set as composited and therefore is no longer automatically drawn to the screen.

When the contents of the event box change, an expose event is generated on its parent window (which, in this case, belongs to the toplevel GtkWindow). The expose handler for this widget is responsible for merging the changes back on the screen in the way that it wishes.

In our case, we merge the contents with a 50% transparency. We also set the background colour of the window to red. The effect is that the background shows through the button.

Offscreen Windows

Offscreen windows are more general than composited windows, since they allow not only to modify the rendering of the child window onto its parent, but also to apply coordinate transformations.

To integrate an offscreen window into a window hierarchy, one has to call gdk_offscreen_window_set_embedder() and handle a number of signals. The “pick-embedded-child” signal on the embedder window is used to select an offscreen child at given coordinates, and the “to-embedder” and “from-embedder” signals on the offscreen window are used to translate coordinates between the embedder and the offscreen window.

For rendering an offscreen window onto its embedder, the contents of the offscreen window are available as a pixmap, via gdk_offscreen_window_get_pixmap().

gdk_window_new ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_new (GdkWindow *parent,
                GdkWindowAttr *attributes,
                gint attributes_mask);

Creates a new GdkWindow using the attributes from attributes . See GdkWindowAttr and GdkWindowAttributesType for more details. Note: to use this on displays other than the default display, parent must be specified.

gdk_window_destroy ()

void
gdk_window_destroy (GdkWindow *window);

Destroys the window system resources associated with window and decrements window 's reference count. The window system resources for all children of window are also destroyed, but the children's reference counts are not decremented.

Note that a window will not be destroyed automatically when its reference count reaches zero. You must call this function yourself before that happens.

gdk_window_get_display ()

GdkDisplay *
gdk_window_get_display (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the GdkDisplay associated with a GdkWindow.

Since: 2.24

gdk_window_get_screen ()

GdkScreen *
gdk_window_get_screen (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the GdkScreen associated with a GdkWindow.

Since: 2.24

gdk_window_get_visual ()

GdkVisual *
gdk_window_get_visual (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the GdkVisual describing the pixel format of window .

Since: 2.24

gdk_window_get_width ()

int
gdk_window_get_width (GdkWindow *window);

Returns the width of the given window .

On the X11 platform the returned size is the size reported in the most-recently-processed configure event, rather than the current size on the X server.

Since: 2.24

gdk_window_get_height ()

int
gdk_window_get_height (GdkWindow *window);

Returns the height of the given window .

On the X11 platform the returned size is the size reported in the most-recently-processed configure event, rather than the current size on the X server.

Since: 2.24

gdk_window_get_window_type ()

GdkWindowType
gdk_window_get_window_type (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the type of the window. See GdkWindowType.

gdk_window_at_pointer ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_at_pointer (gint *win_x,
                       gint *win_y);

Obtains the window underneath the mouse pointer, returning the location of that window in win_x , win_y . Returns NULL if the window under the mouse pointer is not known to GDK (if the window belongs to another application and a GdkWindow hasn't been created for it with gdk_window_foreign_new())

NOTE: For multihead-aware widgets or applications use gdk_display_get_window_at_pointer() instead.

gdk_window_show ()

void
gdk_window_show (GdkWindow *window);

Like gdk_window_show_unraised(), but also raises the window to the top of the window stack (moves the window to the front of the Z-order).

This function maps a window so it's visible onscreen. Its opposite is gdk_window_hide().

When implementing a GtkWidget, you should call this function on the widget's GdkWindow as part of the "map" method.

gdk_window_show_unraised ()

void
gdk_window_show_unraised (GdkWindow *window);

Shows a GdkWindow onscreen, but does not modify its stacking order. In contrast, gdk_window_show() will raise the window to the top of the window stack.

On the X11 platform, in Xlib terms, this function calls XMapWindow() (it also updates some internal GDK state, which means that you can't really use XMapWindow() directly on a GDK window).

gdk_window_hide ()

void
gdk_window_hide (GdkWindow *window);

For toplevel windows, withdraws them, so they will no longer be known to the window manager; for all windows, unmaps them, so they won't be displayed. Normally done automatically as part of gtk_widget_hide().

gdk_window_is_destroyed ()

gboolean
gdk_window_is_destroyed (GdkWindow *window);

Check to see if a window is destroyed..

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_is_visible ()

gboolean
gdk_window_is_visible (GdkWindow *window);

Checks whether the window has been mapped (with gdk_window_show() or gdk_window_show_unraised()).

gdk_window_is_viewable ()

gboolean
gdk_window_is_viewable (GdkWindow *window);

Check if the window and all ancestors of the window are mapped. (This is not necessarily "viewable" in the X sense, since we only check as far as we have GDK window parents, not to the root window.)

gdk_window_is_shaped ()

gboolean
gdk_window_is_shaped (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether or not the window is shaped.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_is_input_only ()

gboolean
gdk_window_is_input_only (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether or not the window is an input only window.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_get_state ()

GdkWindowState
gdk_window_get_state (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the bitwise OR of the currently active window state flags, from the GdkWindowState enumeration.

gdk_window_withdraw ()

void
gdk_window_withdraw (GdkWindow *window);

Withdraws a window (unmaps it and asks the window manager to forget about it). This function is not really useful as gdk_window_hide() automatically withdraws toplevel windows before hiding them.

gdk_window_iconify ()

void
gdk_window_iconify (GdkWindow *window);

Asks to iconify (minimize) window . The window manager may choose to ignore the request, but normally will honor it. Using gtk_window_iconify() is preferred, if you have a GtkWindow widget.

This function only makes sense when window is a toplevel window.

gdk_window_deiconify ()

void
gdk_window_deiconify (GdkWindow *window);

Attempt to deiconify (unminimize) window . On X11 the window manager may choose to ignore the request to deiconify. When using GTK+, use gtk_window_deiconify() instead of the GdkWindow variant. Or better yet, you probably want to use gtk_window_present(), which raises the window, focuses it, unminimizes it, and puts it on the current desktop.

gdk_window_stick ()

void
gdk_window_stick (GdkWindow *window);

"Pins" a window such that it's on all workspaces and does not scroll with viewports, for window managers that have scrollable viewports. (When using GtkWindow, gtk_window_stick() may be more useful.)

On the X11 platform, this function depends on window manager support, so may have no effect with many window managers. However, GDK will do the best it can to convince the window manager to stick the window. For window managers that don't support this operation, there's nothing you can do to force it to happen.

gdk_window_unstick ()

void
gdk_window_unstick (GdkWindow *window);

Reverse operation for gdk_window_stick(); see gdk_window_stick(), and gtk_window_unstick().

gdk_window_maximize ()

void
gdk_window_maximize (GdkWindow *window);

Maximizes the window. If the window was already maximized, then this function does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to maximize window , if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "maximized"; so you can't rely on the maximization actually happening. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

On Windows, reliably maximizes the window.

gdk_window_unmaximize ()

void
gdk_window_unmaximize (GdkWindow *window);

Unmaximizes the window. If the window wasn't maximized, then this function does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to unmaximize window , if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "maximized"; so you can't rely on the unmaximization actually happening. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

On Windows, reliably unmaximizes the window.

gdk_window_fullscreen ()

void
gdk_window_fullscreen (GdkWindow *window);

Moves the window into fullscreen mode. This means the window covers the entire screen and is above any panels or task bars.

If the window was already fullscreen, then this function does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to put window in a fullscreen state, if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "fullscreen"; so you can't rely on the fullscreenification actually happening. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

Since: 2.2

gdk_window_unfullscreen ()

void
gdk_window_unfullscreen (GdkWindow *window);

Moves the window out of fullscreen mode. If the window was not fullscreen, does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to move window out of the fullscreen state, if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "fullscreen"; so you can't rely on the unfullscreenification actually happening. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

Since: 2.2

gdk_window_set_keep_above ()

void
gdk_window_set_keep_above (GdkWindow *window,
                           gboolean setting);

Set if window must be kept above other windows. If the window was already above, then this function does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to keep window above, if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "keep above"; so you can't rely on the window being kept above. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

Since: 2.4

gdk_window_set_keep_below ()

void
gdk_window_set_keep_below (GdkWindow *window,
                           gboolean setting);

Set if window must be kept below other windows. If the window was already below, then this function does nothing.

On X11, asks the window manager to keep window below, if the window manager supports this operation. Not all window managers support this, and some deliberately ignore it or don't have a concept of "keep below"; so you can't rely on the window being kept below. But it will happen with most standard window managers, and GDK makes a best effort to get it to happen.

Since: 2.4

gdk_window_set_opacity ()

void
gdk_window_set_opacity (GdkWindow *window,
                        gdouble opacity);

Request the windowing system to make window partially transparent, with opacity 0 being fully transparent and 1 fully opaque. (Values of the opacity parameter are clamped to the [0,1] range.)

On X11, this works only on X screens with a compositing manager running.

For setting up per-pixel alpha, see gdk_screen_get_rgba_colormap(). For making non-toplevel windows translucent, see gdk_window_set_composited().

Since: 2.12

gdk_window_set_composited ()

void
gdk_window_set_composited (GdkWindow *window,
                           gboolean composited);

Sets a GdkWindow as composited, or unsets it. Composited windows do not automatically have their contents drawn to the screen. Drawing is redirected to an offscreen buffer and an expose event is emitted on the parent of the composited window. It is the responsibility of the parent's expose handler to manually merge the off-screen content onto the screen in whatever way it sees fit. See Example 7, “Composited windows” for an example.

It only makes sense for child windows to be composited; see gdk_window_set_opacity() if you need translucent toplevel windows.

An additional effect of this call is that the area of this window is no longer clipped from regions marked for invalidation on its parent. Draws done on the parent window are also no longer clipped by the child.

This call is only supported on some systems (currently, only X11 with new enough Xcomposite and Xdamage extensions). You must call gdk_display_supports_composite() to check if setting a window as composited is supported before attempting to do so.

Since: 2.12

gdk_window_get_composited ()

gboolean
gdk_window_get_composited (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether window is composited.

See gdk_window_set_composited().

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_move ()

void
gdk_window_move (GdkWindow *window,
                 gint x,
                 gint y);

Repositions a window relative to its parent window. For toplevel windows, window managers may ignore or modify the move; you should probably use gtk_window_move() on a GtkWindow widget anyway, instead of using GDK functions. For child windows, the move will reliably succeed.

If you're also planning to resize the window, use gdk_window_move_resize() to both move and resize simultaneously, for a nicer visual effect.

gdk_window_resize ()

void
gdk_window_resize (GdkWindow *window,
                   gint width,
                   gint height);

Resizes window ; for toplevel windows, asks the window manager to resize the window. The window manager may not allow the resize. When using GTK+, use gtk_window_resize() instead of this low-level GDK function.

Windows may not be resized below 1x1.

If you're also planning to move the window, use gdk_window_move_resize() to both move and resize simultaneously, for a nicer visual effect.

gdk_window_move_resize ()

void
gdk_window_move_resize (GdkWindow *window,
                        gint x,
                        gint y,
                        gint width,
                        gint height);

Equivalent to calling gdk_window_move() and gdk_window_resize(), except that both operations are performed at once, avoiding strange visual effects. (i.e. the user may be able to see the window first move, then resize, if you don't use gdk_window_move_resize().)

gdk_window_scroll ()

void
gdk_window_scroll (GdkWindow *window,
                   gint dx,
                   gint dy);

Scroll the contents of its window, both pixels and children, by the given amount. Portions of the window that the scroll operation brings in from offscreen areas are invalidated.

gdk_window_move_region ()

void
gdk_window_move_region (GdkWindow *window,
                        const GdkRegion *region,
                        gint dx,
                        gint dy);

Move the part of window indicated by region by dy pixels in the Y direction and dx pixels in the X direction. The portions of region that not covered by the new position of region are invalidated.

Child windows are not moved.

Since: 2.8

gdk_window_flush ()

void
gdk_window_flush (GdkWindow *window);

Flush all outstanding cached operations on a window, leaving the window in a state which reflects all that has been drawn before.

Gdk uses multiple kinds of caching to get better performance and nicer drawing. For instance, during exposes all paints to a window using double buffered rendering are keep on a pixmap until the last window has been exposed. It also delays window moves/scrolls until as long as possible until next update to avoid tearing when moving windows.

Normally this should be completely invisible to applications, as we automatically flush the windows when required, but this might be needed if you for instance mix direct native drawing with gdk drawing. For Gtk widgets that don't use double buffering this will be called automatically before sending the expose event.

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_has_native ()

gboolean
gdk_window_has_native (GdkWindow *window);

Checks whether the window has a native window or not. Note that you can use gdk_window_ensure_native() if a native window is needed.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_ensure_native ()

gboolean
gdk_window_ensure_native (GdkWindow *window);

Tries to ensure that there is a window-system native window for this GdkWindow. This may fail in some situations, returning FALSE.

Offscreen window and children of them can never have native windows.

Some backends may not support native child windows.

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_reparent ()

void
gdk_window_reparent (GdkWindow *window,
                     GdkWindow *new_parent,
                     gint x,
                     gint y);

Reparents window into the given new_parent . The window being reparented will be unmapped as a side effect.

gdk_window_clear ()

void
gdk_window_clear (GdkWindow *window);

Clears an entire window to the background color or background pixmap.

gdk_window_clear_area ()

void
gdk_window_clear_area (GdkWindow *window,
                       gint x,
                       gint y,
                       gint width,
                       gint height);

Clears an area of window to the background color or background pixmap.

gdk_window_clear_area_e ()

void
gdk_window_clear_area_e (GdkWindow *window,
                         gint x,
                         gint y,
                         gint width,
                         gint height);

Like gdk_window_clear_area(), but also generates an expose event for the cleared area.

This function has a stupid name because it dates back to the mists time, pre-GDK-1.0.

gdk_window_copy_area()

#define             gdk_window_copy_area(drawable,gc,x,y,source_drawable,source_x,source_y,width,height)

Deprecated equivalent to gdk_draw_drawable(), see that function for docs

gdk_window_raise ()

void
gdk_window_raise (GdkWindow *window);

Raises window to the top of the Z-order (stacking order), so that other windows with the same parent window appear below window . This is true whether or not the windows are visible.

If window is a toplevel, the window manager may choose to deny the request to move the window in the Z-order, gdk_window_raise() only requests the restack, does not guarantee it.

gdk_window_lower ()

void
gdk_window_lower (GdkWindow *window);

Lowers window to the bottom of the Z-order (stacking order), so that other windows with the same parent window appear above window . This is true whether or not the other windows are visible.

If window is a toplevel, the window manager may choose to deny the request to move the window in the Z-order, gdk_window_lower() only requests the restack, does not guarantee it.

Note that gdk_window_show() raises the window again, so don't call this function before gdk_window_show(). (Try gdk_window_show_unraised().)

gdk_window_restack ()

void
gdk_window_restack (GdkWindow *window,
                    GdkWindow *sibling,
                    gboolean above);

Changes the position of window in the Z-order (stacking order), so that it is above sibling (if above is TRUE) or below sibling (if above is FALSE).

If sibling is NULL, then this either raises (if above is TRUE) or lowers the window.

If window is a toplevel, the window manager may choose to deny the request to move the window in the Z-order, gdk_window_restack() only requests the restack, does not guarantee it.

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_focus ()

void
gdk_window_focus (GdkWindow *window,
                  guint32 timestamp);

Sets keyboard focus to window . In most cases, gtk_window_present() should be used on a GtkWindow, rather than calling this function.

gdk_window_register_dnd ()

void
gdk_window_register_dnd (GdkWindow *window);

Registers a window as a potential drop destination.

gdk_window_begin_resize_drag ()

void
gdk_window_begin_resize_drag (GdkWindow *window,
                              GdkWindowEdge edge,
                              gint button,
                              gint root_x,
                              gint root_y,
                              guint32 timestamp);

Begins a window resize operation (for a toplevel window). You might use this function to implement a "window resize grip," for example; in fact GtkStatusbar uses it. The function works best with window managers that support the Extended Window Manager Hints, but has a fallback implementation for other window managers.

gdk_window_begin_move_drag ()

void
gdk_window_begin_move_drag (GdkWindow *window,
                            gint button,
                            gint root_x,
                            gint root_y,
                            guint32 timestamp);

Begins a window move operation (for a toplevel window). You might use this function to implement a "window move grip," for example. The function works best with window managers that support the Extended Window Manager Hints, but has a fallback implementation for other window managers.

gdk_window_constrain_size ()

void
gdk_window_constrain_size (GdkGeometry *geometry,
                           guint flags,
                           gint width,
                           gint height,
                           gint *new_width,
                           gint *new_height);

Constrains a desired width and height according to a set of geometry hints (such as minimum and maximum size).

gdk_window_beep ()

void
gdk_window_beep (GdkWindow *window);

Emits a short beep associated to window in the appropriate display, if supported. Otherwise, emits a short beep on the display just as gdk_display_beep().

Since: 2.12

gdk_window_begin_paint_rect ()

void
gdk_window_begin_paint_rect (GdkWindow *window,
                             const GdkRectangle *rectangle);

A convenience wrapper around gdk_window_begin_paint_region() which creates a rectangular region for you. See gdk_window_begin_paint_region() for details.

gdk_window_begin_paint_region ()

void
gdk_window_begin_paint_region (GdkWindow *window,
                               const GdkRegion *region);

Indicates that you are beginning the process of redrawing region . A backing store (offscreen buffer) large enough to contain region will be created. The backing store will be initialized with the background color or background pixmap for window . Then, all drawing operations performed on window will be diverted to the backing store. When you call gdk_window_end_paint(), the backing store will be copied to window , making it visible onscreen. Only the part of window contained in region will be modified; that is, drawing operations are clipped to region .

The net result of all this is to remove flicker, because the user sees the finished product appear all at once when you call gdk_window_end_paint(). If you draw to window directly without calling gdk_window_begin_paint_region(), the user may see flicker as individual drawing operations are performed in sequence. The clipping and background-initializing features of gdk_window_begin_paint_region() are conveniences for the programmer, so you can avoid doing that work yourself.

When using GTK+, the widget system automatically places calls to gdk_window_begin_paint_region() and gdk_window_end_paint() around emissions of the expose_event signal. That is, if you're writing an expose event handler, you can assume that the exposed area in GdkEventExpose has already been cleared to the window background, is already set as the clip region, and already has a backing store. Therefore in most cases, application code need not call gdk_window_begin_paint_region(). (You can disable the automatic calls around expose events on a widget-by-widget basis by calling gtk_widget_set_double_buffered().)

If you call this function multiple times before calling the matching gdk_window_end_paint(), the backing stores are pushed onto a stack. gdk_window_end_paint() copies the topmost backing store onscreen, subtracts the topmost region from all other regions in the stack, and pops the stack. All drawing operations affect only the topmost backing store in the stack. One matching call to gdk_window_end_paint() is required for each call to gdk_window_begin_paint_region().

gdk_window_end_paint ()

void
gdk_window_end_paint (GdkWindow *window);

Indicates that the backing store created by the most recent call to gdk_window_begin_paint_region() should be copied onscreen and deleted, leaving the next-most-recent backing store or no backing store at all as the active paint region. See gdk_window_begin_paint_region() for full details. It is an error to call this function without a matching gdk_window_begin_paint_region() first.

gdk_window_invalidate_rect ()

void
gdk_window_invalidate_rect (GdkWindow *window,
                            const GdkRectangle *rect,
                            gboolean invalidate_children);

A convenience wrapper around gdk_window_invalidate_region() which invalidates a rectangular region. See gdk_window_invalidate_region() for details.

gdk_window_invalidate_region ()

void
gdk_window_invalidate_region (GdkWindow *window,
                              const GdkRegion *region,
                              gboolean invalidate_children);

Adds region to the update area for window . The update area is the region that needs to be redrawn, or "dirty region." The call gdk_window_process_updates() sends one or more expose events to the window, which together cover the entire update area. An application would normally redraw the contents of window in response to those expose events.

GDK will call gdk_window_process_all_updates() on your behalf whenever your program returns to the main loop and becomes idle, so normally there's no need to do that manually, you just need to invalidate regions that you know should be redrawn.

The invalidate_children parameter controls whether the region of each child window that intersects region will also be invalidated. If FALSE, then the update area for child windows will remain unaffected. See gdk_window_invalidate_maybe_recurse if you need fine grained control over which children are invalidated.

gdk_window_invalidate_maybe_recurse ()

void
gdk_window_invalidate_maybe_recurse (GdkWindow *window,
                                     const GdkRegion *region,
                                     gboolean (*child_func) (GdkWindow *, gpointer),
                                     gpointer user_data);

Adds region to the update area for window . The update area is the region that needs to be redrawn, or "dirty region." The call gdk_window_process_updates() sends one or more expose events to the window, which together cover the entire update area. An application would normally redraw the contents of window in response to those expose events.

GDK will call gdk_window_process_all_updates() on your behalf whenever your program returns to the main loop and becomes idle, so normally there's no need to do that manually, you just need to invalidate regions that you know should be redrawn.

The child_func parameter controls whether the region of each child window that intersects region will also be invalidated. Only children for which child_func returns TRUE will have the area invalidated.

gdk_window_get_update_area ()

GdkRegion *
gdk_window_get_update_area (GdkWindow *window);

Transfers ownership of the update area from window to the caller of the function. That is, after calling this function, window will no longer have an invalid/dirty region; the update area is removed from window and handed to you. If a window has no update area, gdk_window_get_update_area() returns NULL. You are responsible for calling gdk_region_destroy() on the returned region if it's non-NULL.

gdk_window_freeze_updates ()

void
gdk_window_freeze_updates (GdkWindow *window);

Temporarily freezes a window such that it won't receive expose events. The window will begin receiving expose events again when gdk_window_thaw_updates() is called. If gdk_window_freeze_updates() has been called more than once, gdk_window_thaw_updates() must be called an equal number of times to begin processing exposes.

gdk_window_thaw_updates ()

void
gdk_window_thaw_updates (GdkWindow *window);

Thaws a window frozen with gdk_window_freeze_updates().

gdk_window_process_all_updates ()

void
gdk_window_process_all_updates (void);

Calls gdk_window_process_updates() for all windows (see GdkWindow) in the application.

gdk_window_process_updates ()

void
gdk_window_process_updates (GdkWindow *window,
                            gboolean update_children);

Sends one or more expose events to window . The areas in each expose event will cover the entire update area for the window (see gdk_window_invalidate_region() for details). Normally GDK calls gdk_window_process_all_updates() on your behalf, so there's no need to call this function unless you want to force expose events to be delivered immediately and synchronously (vs. the usual case, where GDK delivers them in an idle handler). Occasionally this is useful to produce nicer scrolling behavior, for example.

gdk_window_set_debug_updates ()

void
gdk_window_set_debug_updates (gboolean setting);

With update debugging enabled, calls to gdk_window_invalidate_region() clear the invalidated region of the screen to a noticeable color, and GDK pauses for a short time before sending exposes to windows during gdk_window_process_updates(). The net effect is that you can see the invalid region for each window and watch redraws as they occur. This allows you to diagnose inefficiencies in your application.

In essence, because the GDK rendering model prevents all flicker, if you are redrawing the same region 400 times you may never notice, aside from noticing a speed problem. Enabling update debugging causes GTK to flicker slowly and noticeably, so you can see exactly what's being redrawn when, in what order.

The --gtk-debug=updates command line option passed to GTK+ programs enables this debug option at application startup time. That's usually more useful than calling gdk_window_set_debug_updates() yourself, though you might want to use this function to enable updates sometime after application startup time.

gdk_window_get_internal_paint_info ()

void
gdk_window_get_internal_paint_info (GdkWindow *window,
                                    GdkDrawable **real_drawable,
                                    gint *x_offset,
                                    gint *y_offset);

If you bypass the GDK layer and use windowing system primitives to draw directly onto a GdkWindow, then you need to deal with two details: there may be an offset between GDK coordinates and windowing system coordinates, and GDK may have redirected drawing to a offscreen pixmap as the result of a gdk_window_begin_paint_region() calls. This function allows retrieving the information you need to compensate for these effects.

This function exposes details of the GDK implementation, and is thus likely to change in future releases of GDK.

gdk_window_enable_synchronized_configure ()

void
gdk_window_enable_synchronized_configure
                               (GdkWindow *window);

Indicates that the application will cooperate with the window system in synchronizing the window repaint with the window manager during resizing operations. After an application calls this function, it must call gdk_window_configure_finished() every time it has finished all processing associated with a set of Configure events. Toplevel GTK+ windows automatically use this protocol.

On X, calling this function makes window participate in the _NET_WM_SYNC_REQUEST window manager protocol.

Since: 2.6

gdk_window_configure_finished ()

void
gdk_window_configure_finished (GdkWindow *window);

Signal to the window system that the application has finished handling Configure events it has received. Window Managers can use this to better synchronize the frame repaint with the application. GTK+ applications will automatically call this function when appropriate.

This function can only be called if gdk_window_enable_synchronized_configure() was called previously.

Since: 2.6

gdk_window_set_user_data ()

void
gdk_window_set_user_data (GdkWindow *window,
                          gpointer user_data);

For most purposes this function is deprecated in favor of g_object_set_data(). However, for historical reasons GTK+ stores the GtkWidget that owns a GdkWindow as user data on the GdkWindow. So, custom widget implementations should use this function for that. If GTK+ receives an event for a GdkWindow, and the user data for the window is non-NULL, GTK+ will assume the user data is a GtkWidget, and forward the event to that widget.

gdk_window_set_override_redirect ()

void
gdk_window_set_override_redirect (GdkWindow *window,
                                  gboolean override_redirect);

An override redirect window is not under the control of the window manager. This means it won't have a titlebar, won't be minimizable, etc. - it will be entirely under the control of the application. The window manager can't see the override redirect window at all.

Override redirect should only be used for short-lived temporary windows, such as popup menus. GtkMenu uses an override redirect window in its implementation, for example.

gdk_window_set_accept_focus ()

void
gdk_window_set_accept_focus (GdkWindow *window,
                             gboolean accept_focus);

Setting accept_focus to FALSE hints the desktop environment that the window doesn't want to receive input focus.

On X, it is the responsibility of the window manager to interpret this hint. ICCCM-compliant window manager usually respect it.

Since: 2.4

gdk_window_get_accept_focus ()

gboolean
gdk_window_get_accept_focus (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether or not the desktop environment shuld be hinted that the window does not want to receive input focus.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_set_focus_on_map ()

void
gdk_window_set_focus_on_map (GdkWindow *window,
                             gboolean focus_on_map);

Setting focus_on_map to FALSE hints the desktop environment that the window doesn't want to receive input focus when it is mapped. focus_on_map should be turned off for windows that aren't triggered interactively (such as popups from network activity).

On X, it is the responsibility of the window manager to interpret this hint. Window managers following the freedesktop.org window manager extension specification should respect it.

Since: 2.6

gdk_window_get_focus_on_map ()

gboolean
gdk_window_get_focus_on_map (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether or not the desktop environment should be hinted that the window does not want to receive input focus when it is mapped.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_add_filter ()

void
gdk_window_add_filter (GdkWindow *window,
                       GdkFilterFunc function,
                       gpointer data);

Adds an event filter to window , allowing you to intercept events before they reach GDK. This is a low-level operation and makes it easy to break GDK and/or GTK+, so you have to know what you're doing. Pass NULL for window to get all events for all windows, instead of events for a specific window.

See gdk_display_add_client_message_filter() if you are interested in X ClientMessage events.

gdk_window_remove_filter ()

void
gdk_window_remove_filter (GdkWindow *window,
                          GdkFilterFunc function,
                          gpointer data);

Remove a filter previously added with gdk_window_add_filter().

GdkFilterFunc ()

GdkFilterReturn
(*GdkFilterFunc) (GdkXEvent *xevent,
                  GdkEvent *event,
                  gpointer data);

Specifies the type of function used to filter native events before they are converted to GDK events.

When a filter is called, event is unpopulated, except for event->window. The filter may translate the native event to a GDK event and store the result in event, or handle it without translation. If the filter translates the event and processing should continue, it should return GDK_FILTER_TRANSLATE.

gdk_window_shape_combine_mask ()

void
gdk_window_shape_combine_mask (GdkWindow *window,
                               GdkBitmap *mask,
                               gint x,
                               gint y);

Applies a shape mask to window . Pixels in window corresponding to set bits in the mask will be visible; pixels in window corresponding to unset bits in the mask will be transparent. This gives a non-rectangular window.

If mask is NULL, the shape mask will be unset, and the x /y parameters are not used.

On the X11 platform, this uses an X server extension which is widely available on most common platforms, but not available on very old X servers, and occasionally the implementation will be buggy. On servers without the shape extension, this function will do nothing.

This function works on both toplevel and child windows.

gdk_window_shape_combine_region ()

void
gdk_window_shape_combine_region (GdkWindow *window,
                                 const GdkRegion *shape_region,
                                 gint offset_x,
                                 gint offset_y);

Makes pixels in window outside shape_region be transparent, so that the window may be nonrectangular. See also gdk_window_shape_combine_mask() to use a bitmap as the mask.

If shape_region is NULL, the shape will be unset, so the whole window will be opaque again. offset_x and offset_y are ignored if shape_region is NULL.

On the X11 platform, this uses an X server extension which is widely available on most common platforms, but not available on very old X servers, and occasionally the implementation will be buggy. On servers without the shape extension, this function will do nothing.

This function works on both toplevel and child windows.

gdk_window_set_child_shapes ()

void
gdk_window_set_child_shapes (GdkWindow *window);

Sets the shape mask of window to the union of shape masks for all children of window , ignoring the shape mask of window itself. Contrast with gdk_window_merge_child_shapes() which includes the shape mask of window in the masks to be merged.

gdk_window_merge_child_shapes ()

void
gdk_window_merge_child_shapes (GdkWindow *window);

Merges the shape masks for any child windows into the shape mask for window . i.e. the union of all masks for window and its children will become the new mask for window . See gdk_window_shape_combine_mask().

This function is distinct from gdk_window_set_child_shapes() because it includes window 's shape mask in the set of shapes to be merged.

gdk_window_input_shape_combine_mask ()

void
gdk_window_input_shape_combine_mask (GdkWindow *window,
                                     GdkBitmap *mask,
                                     gint x,
                                     gint y);

Like gdk_window_shape_combine_mask(), but the shape applies only to event handling. Mouse events which happen while the pointer position corresponds to an unset bit in the mask will be passed on the window below window .

An input shape is typically used with RGBA windows. The alpha channel of the window defines which pixels are invisible and allows for nicely antialiased borders, and the input shape controls where the window is "clickable".

On the X11 platform, this requires version 1.1 of the shape extension.

On the Win32 platform, this functionality is not present and the function does nothing.

Since: 2.10

gdk_window_input_shape_combine_region ()

void
gdk_window_input_shape_combine_region (GdkWindow *window,
                                       const GdkRegion *shape_region,
                                       gint offset_x,
                                       gint offset_y);

Like gdk_window_shape_combine_region(), but the shape applies only to event handling. Mouse events which happen while the pointer position corresponds to an unset bit in the mask will be passed on the window below window .

An input shape is typically used with RGBA windows. The alpha channel of the window defines which pixels are invisible and allows for nicely antialiased borders, and the input shape controls where the window is "clickable".

On the X11 platform, this requires version 1.1 of the shape extension.

On the Win32 platform, this functionality is not present and the function does nothing.

Since: 2.10

gdk_window_set_child_input_shapes ()

void
gdk_window_set_child_input_shapes (GdkWindow *window);

Sets the input shape mask of window to the union of input shape masks for all children of window , ignoring the input shape mask of window itself. Contrast with gdk_window_merge_child_input_shapes() which includes the input shape mask of window in the masks to be merged.

Since: 2.10

gdk_window_merge_child_input_shapes ()

void
gdk_window_merge_child_input_shapes (GdkWindow *window);

Merges the input shape masks for any child windows into the input shape mask for window . i.e. the union of all input masks for window and its children will become the new input mask for window . See gdk_window_input_shape_combine_mask().

This function is distinct from gdk_window_set_child_input_shapes() because it includes window 's input shape mask in the set of shapes to be merged.

Since: 2.10

gdk_window_set_static_gravities ()

gboolean
gdk_window_set_static_gravities (GdkWindow *window,
                                 gboolean use_static);

Set the bit gravity of the given window to static, and flag it so all children get static subwindow gravity. This is used if you are implementing scary features that involve deep knowledge of the windowing system. Don't worry about it unless you have to.

gdk_window_set_hints ()

void
gdk_window_set_hints (GdkWindow *window,
                      gint x,
                      gint y,
                      gint min_width,
                      gint min_height,
                      gint max_width,
                      gint max_height,
                      gint flags);

This function is broken and useless and you should ignore it. If using GTK+, use functions such as gtk_window_resize(), gtk_window_set_size_request(), gtk_window_move(), gtk_window_parse_geometry(), and gtk_window_set_geometry_hints(), depending on what you're trying to do.

If using GDK directly, use gdk_window_set_geometry_hints().

gdk_window_set_title ()

void
gdk_window_set_title (GdkWindow *window,
                      const gchar *title);

Sets the title of a toplevel window, to be displayed in the titlebar. If you haven't explicitly set the icon name for the window (using gdk_window_set_icon_name()), the icon name will be set to title as well. title must be in UTF-8 encoding (as with all user-readable strings in GDK/GTK+). title may not be NULL.

gdk_window_set_background ()

void
gdk_window_set_background (GdkWindow *window,
                           const GdkColor *color);

Sets the background color of window . (However, when using GTK+, set the background of a widget with gtk_widget_modify_bg() - if you're an application - or gtk_style_set_background() - if you're implementing a custom widget.)

The color must be allocated; gdk_rgb_find_color() is the best way to allocate a color.

See also gdk_window_set_back_pixmap().

gdk_window_set_back_pixmap ()

void
gdk_window_set_back_pixmap (GdkWindow *window,
                            GdkPixmap *pixmap,
                            gboolean parent_relative);

Sets the background pixmap of window . May also be used to set a background of "None" on window , by setting a background pixmap of NULL.

A background pixmap will be tiled, positioning the first tile at the origin of window , or if parent_relative is TRUE, the tiling will be done based on the origin of the parent window (useful to align tiles in a parent with tiles in a child).

A background pixmap of NULL means that the window will have no background. A window with no background will never have its background filled by the windowing system, instead the window will contain whatever pixels were already in the corresponding area of the display.

The windowing system will normally fill a window with its background when the window is obscured then exposed, and when you call gdk_window_clear().

gdk_window_get_background_pattern ()

cairo_pattern_t *
gdk_window_get_background_pattern (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the pattern used to clear the background on window . If window does not have its own background and reuses the parent's, NULL is returned and you'll have to query it yourself.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_set_cursor ()

void
gdk_window_set_cursor (GdkWindow *window,
                       GdkCursor *cursor);

Sets the mouse pointer for a GdkWindow. Use gdk_cursor_new_for_display() or gdk_cursor_new_from_pixmap() to create the cursor. To make the cursor invisible, use GDK_BLANK_CURSOR. Passing NULL for the cursor argument to gdk_window_set_cursor() means that window will use the cursor of its parent window. Most windows should use this default.

gdk_window_get_cursor ()

GdkCursor *
gdk_window_get_cursor (GdkWindow *window);

Retrieves a GdkCursor pointer for the cursor currently set on the specified GdkWindow, or NULL. If the return value is NULL then there is no custom cursor set on the specified window, and it is using the cursor for its parent window.

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_get_user_data ()

void
gdk_window_get_user_data (GdkWindow *window,
                          gpointer *data);

Retrieves the user data for window , which is normally the widget that window belongs to. See gdk_window_set_user_data().

gdk_window_get_geometry ()

void
gdk_window_get_geometry (GdkWindow *window,
                         gint *x,
                         gint *y,
                         gint *width,
                         gint *height,
                         gint *depth);

Any of the return location arguments to this function may be NULL, if you aren't interested in getting the value of that field.

The X and Y coordinates returned are relative to the parent window of window , which for toplevels usually means relative to the window decorations (titlebar, etc.) rather than relative to the root window (screen-size background window).

On the X11 platform, the geometry is obtained from the X server, so reflects the latest position of window ; this may be out-of-sync with the position of window delivered in the most-recently-processed GdkEventConfigure. gdk_window_get_position() in contrast gets the position from the most recent configure event.

gdk_window_set_geometry_hints ()

void
gdk_window_set_geometry_hints (GdkWindow *window,
                               const GdkGeometry *geometry,
                               GdkWindowHints geom_mask);

Sets the geometry hints for window . Hints flagged in geom_mask are set, hints not flagged in geom_mask are unset. To unset all hints, use a geom_mask of 0 and a geometry of NULL.

This function provides hints to the windowing system about acceptable sizes for a toplevel window. The purpose of this is to constrain user resizing, but the windowing system will typically (but is not required to) also constrain the current size of the window to the provided values and constrain programatic resizing via gdk_window_resize() or gdk_window_move_resize().

Note that on X11, this effect has no effect on windows of type GDK_WINDOW_TEMP or windows where override redirect has been turned on via gdk_window_set_override_redirect() since these windows are not resizable by the user.

Since you can't count on the windowing system doing the constraints for programmatic resizes, you should generally call gdk_window_constrain_size() yourself to determine appropriate sizes.

gdk_window_set_icon_list ()

void
gdk_window_set_icon_list (GdkWindow *window,
                          GList *pixbufs);

Sets a list of icons for the window. One of these will be used to represent the window when it has been iconified. The icon is usually shown in an icon box or some sort of task bar. Which icon size is shown depends on the window manager. The window manager can scale the icon but setting several size icons can give better image quality since the window manager may only need to scale the icon by a small amount or not at all.

gdk_window_set_modal_hint ()

void
gdk_window_set_modal_hint (GdkWindow *window,
                           gboolean modal);

The application can use this hint to tell the window manager that a certain window has modal behaviour. The window manager can use this information to handle modal windows in a special way.

You should only use this on windows for which you have previously called gdk_window_set_transient_for()

gdk_window_get_modal_hint ()

gboolean
gdk_window_get_modal_hint (GdkWindow *window);

Determines whether or not the window manager is hinted that window has modal behaviour.

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_set_type_hint ()

void
gdk_window_set_type_hint (GdkWindow *window,
                          GdkWindowTypeHint hint);

The application can use this call to provide a hint to the window manager about the functionality of a window. The window manager can use this information when determining the decoration and behaviour of the window.

The hint must be set before the window is mapped.

gdk_window_get_type_hint ()

GdkWindowTypeHint
gdk_window_get_type_hint (GdkWindow *window);

This function returns the type hint set for a window.

Since: 2.10

gdk_window_set_skip_taskbar_hint ()

void
gdk_window_set_skip_taskbar_hint (GdkWindow *window,
                                  gboolean skips_taskbar);

Toggles whether a window should appear in a task list or window list. If a window's semantic type as specified with gdk_window_set_type_hint() already fully describes the window, this function should not be called in addition, instead you should allow the window to be treated according to standard policy for its semantic type.

Since: 2.2

gdk_window_set_skip_pager_hint ()

void
gdk_window_set_skip_pager_hint (GdkWindow *window,
                                gboolean skips_pager);

Toggles whether a window should appear in a pager (workspace switcher, or other desktop utility program that displays a small thumbnail representation of the windows on the desktop). If a window's semantic type as specified with gdk_window_set_type_hint() already fully describes the window, this function should not be called in addition, instead you should allow the window to be treated according to standard policy for its semantic type.

Since: 2.2

gdk_window_set_urgency_hint ()

void
gdk_window_set_urgency_hint (GdkWindow *window,
                             gboolean urgent);

Toggles whether a window needs the user's urgent attention.

Since: 2.8

gdk_window_get_position ()

void
gdk_window_get_position (GdkWindow *window,
                         gint *x,
                         gint *y);

Obtains the position of the window as reported in the most-recently-processed GdkEventConfigure. Contrast with gdk_window_get_geometry() which queries the X server for the current window position, regardless of which events have been received or processed.

The position coordinates are relative to the window's parent window.

gdk_window_get_root_origin ()

void
gdk_window_get_root_origin (GdkWindow *window,
                            gint *x,
                            gint *y);

Obtains the top-left corner of the window manager frame in root window coordinates.

gdk_window_get_frame_extents ()

void
gdk_window_get_frame_extents (GdkWindow *window,
                              GdkRectangle *rect);

Obtains the bounding box of the window, including window manager titlebar/borders if any. The frame position is given in root window coordinates. To get the position of the window itself (rather than the frame) in root window coordinates, use gdk_window_get_origin().

gdk_window_get_origin ()

gint
gdk_window_get_origin (GdkWindow *window,
                       gint *x,
                       gint *y);

Obtains the position of a window in root window coordinates. (Compare with gdk_window_get_position() and gdk_window_get_geometry() which return the position of a window relative to its parent window.)

gdk_window_get_deskrelative_origin ()

gboolean
gdk_window_get_deskrelative_origin (GdkWindow *window,
                                    gint *x,
                                    gint *y);

This gets the origin of a GdkWindow relative to an Enlightenment-window-manager desktop. As long as you don't assume that the user's desktop/workspace covers the entire root window (i.e. you don't assume that the desktop begins at root window coordinate 0,0) this function is not necessary. It's deprecated for that reason.

gdk_window_get_root_coords ()

void
gdk_window_get_root_coords (GdkWindow *window,
                            gint x,
                            gint y,
                            gint *root_x,
                            gint *root_y);

Obtains the position of a window position in root window coordinates. This is similar to gdk_window_get_origin() but allows you go pass in any position in the window, not just the origin.

Since: 2.18

gdk_window_coords_from_parent ()

void
gdk_window_coords_from_parent (GdkWindow *window,
                               gdouble parent_x,
                               gdouble parent_y,
                               gdouble *x,
                               gdouble *y);

Transforms window coordinates from a parent window to a child window, where the parent window is the normal parent as returned by gdk_window_get_parent() for normal windows, and the window's embedder as returned by gdk_offscreen_window_get_embedder() for offscreen windows.

For normal windows, calling this function is equivalent to subtracting the return values of gdk_window_get_position() from the parent coordinates. For offscreen windows however (which can be arbitrarily transformed), this function calls the GdkWindow::from-embedder: signal to translate the coordinates.

You should always use this function when writing generic code that walks down a window hierarchy.

See also: gdk_window_coords_to_parent()

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_coords_to_parent ()

void
gdk_window_coords_to_parent (GdkWindow *window,
                             gdouble x,
                             gdouble y,
                             gdouble *parent_x,
                             gdouble *parent_y);

Transforms window coordinates from a child window to its parent window, where the parent window is the normal parent as returned by gdk_window_get_parent() for normal windows, and the window's embedder as returned by gdk_offscreen_window_get_embedder() for offscreen windows.

For normal windows, calling this function is equivalent to adding the return values of gdk_window_get_position() to the child coordinates. For offscreen windows however (which can be arbitrarily transformed), this function calls the GdkWindow::to-embedder: signal to translate the coordinates.

You should always use this function when writing generic code that walks up a window hierarchy.

See also: gdk_window_coords_from_parent()

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_get_pointer ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_get_pointer (GdkWindow *window,
                        gint *x,
                        gint *y,
                        GdkModifierType *mask);

Obtains the current pointer position and modifier state. The position is given in coordinates relative to the upper left corner of window .

gdk_window_get_parent ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_get_parent (GdkWindow *window);

Obtains the parent of window , as known to GDK. Does not query the X server; thus this returns the parent as passed to gdk_window_new(), not the actual parent. This should never matter unless you're using Xlib calls mixed with GDK calls on the X11 platform. It may also matter for toplevel windows, because the window manager may choose to reparent them.

Note that you should use gdk_window_get_effective_parent() when writing generic code that walks up a window hierarchy, because gdk_window_get_parent() will most likely not do what you expect if there are offscreen windows in the hierarchy.

gdk_window_get_effective_parent ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_get_effective_parent (GdkWindow *window);

Obtains the parent of window , as known to GDK. Works like gdk_window_get_parent() for normal windows, but returns the window's embedder for offscreen windows.

See also: gdk_offscreen_window_get_embedder()

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_get_toplevel ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_get_toplevel (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the toplevel window that's an ancestor of window .

Any window type but GDK_WINDOW_CHILD is considered a toplevel window, as is a GDK_WINDOW_CHILD window that has a root window as parent.

Note that you should use gdk_window_get_effective_toplevel() when you want to get to a window's toplevel as seen on screen, because gdk_window_get_toplevel() will most likely not do what you expect if there are offscreen windows in the hierarchy.

gdk_window_get_effective_toplevel ()

GdkWindow *
gdk_window_get_effective_toplevel (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the toplevel window that's an ancestor of window .

Works like gdk_window_get_toplevel(), but treats an offscreen window's embedder as its parent, using gdk_window_get_effective_parent().

See also: gdk_offscreen_window_get_embedder()

Since: 2.22

gdk_window_get_children ()

GList *
gdk_window_get_children (GdkWindow *window);

Gets the list of children of window known to GDK. This function only returns children created via GDK, so for example it's useless when used with the root window; it only returns windows an application created itself.

The returned list must be freed, but the elements in the list need not be.

gdk_window_peek_children ()

GList *
gdk_window_peek_children (GdkWindow *window);

Like gdk_window_get_children(), but does not copy the list of children, so the list does not need to be freed.